REGIONAL AND GLOBAL LANDSCAPE FIRE EMISSIONS – IMPACTS ON ATMOSPHERE, CLIMATE AND HUMAN HEALTH
Near-Real-Time Observations, Forecasting and Modeling
- Southeast Asia Vegetation Fire and Smoke Pollution Warning Advisory and Assessment System (VFSP-WAS)
- CAMS Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) data documentation
- Global Fire Data (GFED) (Combined satellite information on fire activity and vegetation productivity to estimate gridded monthly burned area and fire emissions)
- GFASv1.2 biomass burning emissions update up to year 2022 (This version of GFAS (v1.2) provides daily averaged data based on a combination of FRP observations from two Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments, one on the NASA EOS-Terra satellite and the other on the NASA EOS-Aqua satellite from 1 January 2003 to present. GFAS also provides daily estimates of smoke plume injection heights derived from FRP observations and meteorological information from the operational weather forecasts from ECMWF.)
- Global Aerosol Index by Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)
- The HYSPLIT-based Smoke Forecasting System (The NOAA Smoke Forecasting System integrates the NOAA NESDIS information on the location of wildfires with NOAA National Weather Service inputs from the North American Mesoscale model into smoke dispersion simulations from the NOAA ARL HYSPLIT model to produce a daily 48-hour prediction of smoke transport and concentration.)
- NOAA Hazard Mapping System (HMS) Fire and Smoke Product (U.S.A.) (a real-time display of the locations of fires and significant smoke plumes detected by meteorological satellites)
- Real-time Monitoring of the Transport of Biomass Burning Emissions and Anthropogenic Pollution in South America
- Real-Time Global Visibility (Including Haze and Smoke Generated by Vegetation Fires)
- Regional SE Asia Smoke-Haze Map (with surface winds and fire activity information)
- NASA Earth Observatory maps (fires, aerosol, sea surface temperature, rainfall, etc.)
- Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)
- The Wildland Fire Emissions Information System (WFEIS) (currently for the U.S.A. only)
- Piled Fuels Biomass and Emissions Calculator
- AirVisual Node: An monitor for personal indoor and outdoor air pollution monitoring with. AirVisual monitors and forecasts air quality for more than 8,000 locations around the world. There are still many places that lack local air quality monitoring stations. By placing your Node outdoors under protected, shaded areas, you can become an air quality data source for your local community.
- IS4FIRES+SILAM (System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric coMposition)
- Fire activity analyses: Fire radiative power (provided by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service)
Websites and Newsletters
- Biomass Burning Experiment (BIBEX)
- Global Emissions Inventory Activity (GEIA)
- Integrated Land Ecosystem-Atmosphere Processes Study (iLEAPS)
- Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC)
- South America Regional Atmospheric Modeling System
Publications on Interactions between Vegetation Fire Emissions, Atmosphere and Climate
- Global burned area product for climate assessment of fire impacts (Global Ecology and Biogeography, March 2016) (PDF, 1.1 MB)
- Large unexplained suite of chemically reactive compounds present in ambient air due to biomass fires (Scientific Reports 2018) (PDF, 81.8 MB)
- Global Wildland Fire Emission Model (GWEM): Evaluating the use of global area burnt satellite data (J. Geophysical Research 109, 2004, D14S04; PDF, 700 KB)
- Global Estimate of Emissions From Wildland Fires and Other Biomass Burning (Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 15, No. 4, 2001; PDF)
- The IGAC Biomass Burning Experiment (BIBEX) (IGACtivities Newsletter No. 15, December 1998) (PDF, 10.3 MB)
- Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon (SCIENCE Vol. 303, 27 February 2004, pp. 1337-1342; PDF, 0.5 MB)
- Domestic Combustion of Biomass Fuels in Developing Countries: A Major Source of Atmospheric Pollutants (J. of Atmospheric Chemistry 44, 2003; PDF, 130 KB)
- Comments on Domestic Combustion of Biomass Fuels in Developing Countries (Nature 423, 2003; PDF, 114 KB)
- Transport of biomass burning Smoke to the upper troposphere by deep convection in the equatorial region (Geophys. Res. Letters 28, 2001; PDF)
- A Satellite View of Aerosols in the Climate System (PDF)
- International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Project volume “Integration and Synthesis”, draft Chapter 2: Biosphere/Atmosphere Interactions (with sub-chapter 2.2 “Biomass Burning”) (PDF)
- International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) Project volume “Integration and Synthesis”
- Wildland fire in ecosystems: Effects of fire on air (USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Report, 2002; PDF)
- The Quest for Fire: Hazards of a Daily Struggle (PDF, 99 KB)
- Residential Biofuels in South Asia: Carbonaceous Aerosol Emissions and Climate Impacts (PDF, 155 KB)
- Global Monitoring and Forecasting of Biomass-Burning Smoke: Description of and Lessons From the Fire Locating and Modeling of Burning Emissions (FLAMBE) Program (by J.S. Reid et al., 2009) (PDF, 2 MB)
- Assessing variability and long-term trends in burned area by merging multiple satellite fire products (Biogeosciences 7, 2010; PDF, 1.8 MB)
- Biomass Sustainability and Carbon Policy Study by Manomet Center for Conservation Sciences (Massachusetts) (10 June 2010) Short Press Release (PDF, 0.2 MB) and full report“Biomass Sustainability and Carbon Policy Study” (PDF, 5 MB)
- Towards assessing fire feedbacks in the Earth system: Global process-based fire modelingg (by S. Kloster, 2010) (PDF, 0.7 MB)
- Global fire emissions and the contribution of deforestation, savanna, forest, agricultural, and peat fires (1997-2009) (by Guido van der Werf et al., 2010)
- Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) Module VMD0013 Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from biomass and peat burning (EBPB) (PDF, 0.4 MB)
- Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) Module VMD0046 Methods for monitoring of soil carbon stock changes and greenhouse gas emissions and removals in peatland rewetting and conservation project activities (M-PEAT) (PDF, 0.4 MB)
Publications on Impacts of Vegetation Fire Emissions on Health and Safety of Wildland Firefighters and the Public
Note: Publications in time sequence, starting in 1999:
- Health Guidelines for Vegetation Fire Events (Guideline Document) (WHO, 1999; PDF, 0.9 MB)
- Canadian Wildland Fire and Smoke Newsletter (formerly Canadian Smoke Newsletter, then hosted by the Lung Association, Saskatchewan, Canada; periodic newsletter published twice per year, since 2008)
- Smoke Exposure at Western Wildfires (U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Research Paper PNW-RP-525, July 2000; PDF, 3.7 MB)
- Smoke Exposure Among Firefighters at Prescribed Burns in the Pacific Northwest (U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Research Paper PNW-RP-526, October 2000; PDF, 0.4MB)
- Smoke-Haze Pollution: A Review of the 1997 Episode in Southeast Asia (Regional Env. Changes, Vol. 2, 2001; PDF)
- Bushfires, air pollution and asthma (Editorial, The Medical Journal of Australia, 3 June 2002, 176 (11), 517)
- Exposure to bushfire smoke and asthma: an ecological study (The Medical Journal of Australia, 3 June 2002; 176 (11), 535-538)
- Emissions of organic air toxics from open burning: a comprehensive review (Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 30, 2004) (PDF, 0.6 MB)
- Burning wood for fuel could kill 10 million Africans (SciDev.Netnote, 2005; PDF, 13 KB)
- The Australian smoke management forecast system (BMRC Research Report 117, 2006; PDF, 7 MB)
- Vegetation Fire Smoke: Nature, Impacts and Policies to Reduce Negative Consequences on Humans and the Environment (A Publication of ECFF, GFMC and the Council of Europe, 2007; (PDF, 1 MB)
- Wildfire Smoke: Guide for Public Health Officials (revised 2008) (U.S.A.; PDF, 1.4 MB)
- Wildland firefighter health risks and respiratory protection (2008): (by Claire Austin 2008, courtesy Claire Austin and IRSST www.irsst.qc.ca; PDF, 1.5 MB)
- English version: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-572.pdf
- French version: http://www.irsst.qc.ca/files/documents/PubIRSST/R-571.pdf
- The effects of bushfire smoke on respiratory health (Respirology, 2011; PDF, 0.4 MB)
- Woodsmoke Health Effects: A Review (Inhalation Toxicology, 2007; PDF, 2.1 MB)
- Satellite-Based Estimates of Ground-Level Fine Particulate Matter, Moscow 2010 (Atmospheric Environment, 2011; PDF, 1.5. MB)
- Estimated Global Mortality Attributable to Smoke from Landscape Fires (Env. Health Perspectives, 2012; PDF, 1.0 MB)
- Supplementary Materials to Estimated Global Mortality Attributable to Smoke from Landscape Fires (Env. Health Perspectives, 2012; PDF, 1.1 MB)
- Vegetation Fire Smoke Emissions and Human Health (Chapter 18 in White Paper “Vegetation Fires and Global Change”, 2013) (PDF, 0.2 MB)
- The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale (Research Letter, Nature, 2015) (PDF, 3.7 MB)
- Critical Review of Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke Exposure (Environ Health Perspective, 2016) (PDF, 0.5 MB)
- Public health impacts of the severe haze in Equatorial Asia in September–October 2015 (Environmental Research Letters, 2016) (PDF, 2.2 MB)
- Smoke in a New Era of Fire (USDA Forest Service Science Update, 2017) (PDF, 3.2 MB)
- Vegetation Fire and Smoke Pollution Warning and Advisory System (VFSP-WAS): Concept Note and Expert Recommendations (WMO GAW Report No. 235, 2018) (PDF, 3.3 MB)
- Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States. A Scientific Assessment (US Forest Service; Springer 2022) (10 MB)
- Safe from Wildfire Smoke – Healthy Environments for Healthy Children: UNICEF’s Technical Note “Safe from Wildfire Smoke” (2024) (PDF, 6.2 MB)
- Smoke and Differences Between Wildfire and Prescribed Fire Smoke in the Western U.S. (USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountains Research Station, SYCU-101, 2024) (PDF, 1.5 MB)
- Guidance and Practical Strategies for Reducing Public Health Impacts of Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires on Community Populations (UL 200C) (First Edition, 14 October 2024) (PDF, 1.5 MB)
- Firefighters were elated after a federal bill provided them support for cancer. Then came ‘a slap in the face (The Guardian, 30 October 2024) (PDF, 0.2 MB)
- Landscape fires reason for 90% pollution related deaths globally: Study (The Business Standard, 29 November 2024)
- New study: More than 1.5 million die each year from wild/bush fire pollution (The Indian Express, 29 November 2024)
- Physical Health Symptoms and Perceptions of Air Quality among Residents of Smoke-Damaged Homes from a Wildland Urban Interface Fire (Reid et al. 2024) (PDF, 2.0 MB)
References
- References Relating to Aerosols and Atmospheric Transport over Southern Africa
- Joint Fire Smoke Science Plan of the US Department of Interior and US Department of Agriculture (2010) (PDF, 2.1 MB)