IFFM / GTZ INDONESIA

Integrated Forest Fire Management (IFFM) Project

East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 1994-2004

The “Integrated Forest Fire Management Project” (IFFM) was a Technical Cooperation Project under bilateral agreement between the Governments of Indonesia and Germany. It was conducted under the responsibility of the Ministry of Forestry (MoF) of Indonesia, implemented by Kanwil and Dinas Kehutanan (Kaliman­tan Timur) and assisted by the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ). Initially, the project was scheduled for a total period of 6 years. The first 3-year­pilot-phase began in April 1994 and included the preparation of a financial contribution by the German Bank for Reconstruction (KfW). Finally, the project was extended up to 2004 with a total duration of 10.5 years.

The background and rationale for the project go back to the early 1980s. In 1982/83 the extended wildfires, caused by land-use fires, raged several months through Kalimantan and neighbouring Malaysia, burning an estimated 3.7 Mill hectares (ha) of forests. Large forest fires occurred again in 1986 and 1991 resulting in massive environmental damages and regional smoke pollution. Following the forest fires during the period Sep­tember/October 1991, the Federal Republic of Ger­many responded a request for assistance by the Indonesian Government. In June 1992, the framework of a national “Long-term Integrated Fire Management System for Indonesia” was elaborated as the result of an international workshop held in Bandung. The fact that no sufficiently developed fire management system exists was identified as be­ing the core problem. The IFFM project, based on this workshop, began in April 1994.

The following documents are stemming from the archive of the Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC), which in 1992 initiated the concept and supported GTZ in the project planning and implementation:

• Preparatory Workshop on Forest Fire Management in Indonesia(Ciloto, West Java, 13-14 February 1992) (PDF, 4.5 MB)
• International Workshop on Long-Term Integrated Forest Fire Management in Indonesia (Bandung, 17-18 June 1992) (PDF, 4.5 MB)
• Goldammer GTZ Proposal IFFM Project Indonesia (15 December 1992, in German) (PDF, 2.5 MB)
• IFFM ZOPP 4 Planning Workshop (Samarinda, 8-11 November 1994) (PDF, 3.7 MB)
• Exposé (in German) (PDF, 0.8 MB)
• Forest Fire Management Approaches in East Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia (Paper presented at the 13th Conference on Fire and Meteorology, Lorne, Australia) (PDF, 1.5 MB)
• Brief review in UNECE/FAO International Forest Fire News (IFFN No. 23, 2000)
• Overview of the Integrated Forest Fire Management Project IFFM (DEPHUTBUN – GTZ) published in 2000 (PDF, 2.6 MB)

German expert staff at the IFFM project were recruited from GFMC. From left to right: Georg Buchholz, Anja Hoffmann and Hartmut Abberger. The project leaders were: Douglas Bird, Ludwig Schindler and Helmut Dotzauer.

Project Flyers

• IFFM Flyer # 1 (ENG)
• IFFM Flyer # 2 (ENG)
• IFFM Flyer Dampak (IND)
• IFFM Flyer Manfaat Hutan (IND)
• IFFM Flyer Kebakaran (IND)
• IFFM Flyer Pencegahan (IND)
• IFFM Flyer Dinas Kehutanan (IND)

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Publications and Outcomes of Thematic Conferences

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Initial background publication

The following publication was preceding and one of the background documents for the initiation of the IFFM project:

• Goldammer, J.G., and B. Seibert. 1990. The impact of droughts and forest fires on tropical lowland rain forest of Eastern Borneo. In: Fire in the tropical biota. Ecosystem processes and global challenges (J.G. Goldammer, ed.), 11-31. Ecological Studies 84, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 497 p.

Thematic conference in Indonesia and ASEAN Region

The following website provides an overview and outcomes of the conferences organized in Indonesia and neighboring Malaysia and Singapore starting in 1996:

• https://gfmc.online/conferences/1996-2017.html

Publications in context of the 1997-1998 fire and smoke pollution episode

• The Economic Losses to East Kalimantan from the 1997/98 Forest and Land Fires (PDF, 0.5 MB)
• Financial losses due to the 1997/1998 fires in HPH areas of East Kalimantan (PDF, 0.1 MB)
• Evaluation of the 1998 Forest Fires in East Kalimantan (Indonesia) using multi-temporal ERS-2 SAR Images and NOAA-AVHRR data (1998) (PDF, 3.0 MB)
• Fire Damage in East Kalimantan in 1997/1998 related to the Land Use and Vegetation Classes: Satellite Radar Inventory Results and Proposals for Further Actions (IFFM / SFMP Report No. 1a, 1999) (PDF, 12 MB)
• Evaluation of Fire Statistics and Preliminary Forest Fire Prevention Plan for Bukit Soeharto (1998) (PDF, 2.1 MB)
• Haze Guide: Information and recommendations to deal with haze from forest and land fires (12 March 1998) (PDF, 1.5 MB)
• Interim Report about the Fire Situation in Kalimantan Timur and the ongoing activities (7 July 1998) (PDF, 0.8 MB)
• Smoke-haze pollution: a review of the 1997 episode in Southeast Asia (Heil, A., and J.G. Goldammer, 2001). Regional Environmental Change 2 (1), 24-37 (PDF, 0.4 MB

Community-based Fire Management promotion materials

• Community Empowerment Extension on the Danger of Forest Fires (Paper presented at the Fire Suppression and Environmental Management Training, Samarinda, 26 April to 8 May 1999, at  the Center for Environmental Research, with Mulawarman University Research Institute, in cooperation with the National Environmental Impact Management Body) (PDF, 0.3 MB)
• The IFFM/gtz Strategy to Prevent Forest Fires in East Kalimantan (paper by Hartmut M. Abberger, 1999) (PDF, 0.1 MB)
• A History of IFFM/gtz Cooperation with Yayasan Mutiara Indonesia (Kak Seto) (1998-2001) (PDF, 0.2 MB)
• The development of a community-based approach for an integrated forest fire management system in East Kalimantan, Indonesia (paper presented at “Communities in Flames”. An International Conference on Community Involvement in Fire Management, Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, 25-28 July 2001, by Hartmut M. Abberger, Bradford M. Sanders and Helmut Dotzauer) (PDF, 0.4 MB)
• Community Based Fire Management (CBFiM) in East Kalimantan – Concept and Strategies (English, IFFM, Samarinda, March 2004) (PDF, 0.8 MB)
• Pengelolaan kebakaran berbasis masyarakat; Konsep dan Penerapannya di Kalimantan Timur (Community Based Fire Management (CBFiM) in East Kalimantan – Concept and Strategies (Bahasa Indonesia, IFFM, Samarinda, March 2004) (PDF, 0.4 MB)
• Planning Wildfire Prevention Campaigns in South and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia (South and Central Kalimantan Production Forest Project Report No. 161, June 2004, authored by IFFM, Hartmut Abberger) (PDF, 0.7 MB)
• UPDT PKHL Samarinda – Forest and Land Fires Prevention Materials (1998) (PDF, 0.7 MB)