Ecological Effects of Fire

 

Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia

Ecological Effects of Fire


Aarne, M. (ed.) 1993. Yearbook of forest statistics 1992. The Finnish Forest Research Institute. Helsinki. 317 pp.

Abaimov, A.P. 1978. Some peculiarities of natural larch forest regeneration at the head of the Vilui river. In: Larch and its use, Issue 9, pp.3844. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Abaimov, A.P., and I.Yu. Kopachinsky. 1984. Larix gmelinii and L.kayander. Nauka Publ., 121 pp.

Abaimov, A.P., A.I. Bondarev, and P.A. Tzvetkov. 1990. Brief description of larch forests of the northern part of eastern Evenkia. Proc. Int. Symposium on Boreal Forests: Their State and Dynamics and Anthropogenic Impact. Part 2., pp. 3-12. Moscow <in Russian>.

Aksamit, S.E., and F.D. Irving. 1984. Prescribed burning for lowland black spruce regeneration in northern Minnesota. Can. J. For. Res. 14, 107-113.

Ahti, T., L. Hämet-Ahti, and J. Jalas. 1968. Vegetation zones and their sections in northwestern Europe. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 5, 169-211.

Alexander, ME., B.D. Lawson, B.J. Stocks, and C.E. Van Wagner. 1984. User guide to the Canadian forest fire behavior prediction system: rate of spread relationships. Environment Canada, Canadian Forestry Service Fire Danger Group, interim edition.

Alexandrova, V.D. 1964. Vegetation cover dynamics. Field Geobotanical Investigations (Polevaya geobotanika) Vol.3, 300-450. Moscow-Leningrad <in Russian>.

Amosov, G.A. 1964. On surface forest fire growth patterns. In: Vozniknovenie lesnikh pozharov <Forest fire occurrence>, 152-171. Nauka. Moscow <in Russian>.

Armand, A.D., and G.V. Kushnareva 1989. Ecosystems overcoming their critical state in space. In: Ecosystems in Critical State (Ekosistemy v kriticheskom sostoyanii), 75-82. Nauka Publ., Moscow <in Russian>.

Anderson, J.P.E., and K.H. Domsch. 1978. A physiological method for the quantitative measurement of microbial biomass in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 10, 215-221.

Anderson, D.G. 1991. Turning hunters into herders: A critical examination of Soviet development policy among the Evenki of SE Siberia. Arctic 44, 12-22.

Andreyev, V.N. 1954. Larch promotion in tundra related to the protection (sheltering) role of artificial forest plantations in the north. Botanical Journal (Botanichesky Zhurnal) 39 (1), 28-47 <in Russian>.

Andreyev, V.N. 1956. Current forest distribution pattern in tundra. In: Vegetation of the Far North and its management, Issue 1, pp. 27-46. USSR Acad. Sci. Publ., Moscow-Leningrad <in Russian>.

Angelstam, P., and B. Martinsson. 1990. The importance of appropriate spatial and temporal scales in population studies – conservation lessons based on the population dynamics of black grouse in boreal forest in Sweden. In: Symp. Proc. De toekomst van de wilde hoenderachtigen in Nederland (J.T. Lumeij and Y.R. Hoogeveen, eds.), 82-96. Amersfoort, NL.

Anuchin, N.P. 1971. Forest Mensuration. Lesn. Prom. Moskow, 512 pp. <in Russian>.

Arditi, R. 1979. Relation of the Canadian lynx cycle to a combination of weather variables. Oecologia 41, 219-233.

Atlestam, P-O. 1942. Bohusläns ljunghedar. En geografisk studie (Dissertation). Meddelanden från Göteborgs Högskola, Geografiska Institutionen 30.

Austin, R.C., and D.H. Baisinger. 1955. Some effects of burning on forest soils of Western Oregon and Washington. J. For. 53, 275-280.

Bååth, E. 1980. Soil fungal biomass after clear-cutting of a pine forest in Central Sweden. Soil Biol. Biochem. 12, 495-500.

Bååt, E., Å. Frostegård, T. Pennanen, and H. Fritze. 1995. Microbial community structure and pH response in relation to soil organic matter quality in wood-ash fertilized, clear-cut or burned coniferous forest soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 27, 229-240.

Baranov, N.M., and V.V. Stephin. 1989. Post-fire disturbance of antierosion stabiliy of mountain-forest soils. In: Ecological principles of protection of Siberian nature, p.48-51. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Bartels, D., and A. Bartels. 1988. Are Siberian native peoples part of a “Fourth World”? Dialectical Anthropology 12, 245-252. (cit. after Anderson 1991).

Beatty, S.W. 1989. Fire effects on soil heteregeneity beneath chamise and redshanks chaparral. Phys. Geogr.10 (1), 44-52.

Belov, S.V. 1973. Controllable fire in the forest – a means of regenerating the pine and larch stands of the taiga zone. In: burning and fires in the forest, 213-222. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Bendell, J.F., D.G. King, and D.H. Mossop. 1972. Removal and repopulation of blue grouse in a declining population. J. Wildl. Manage. 36, 1153-1165.

Bendell, J.F. 1974. Effects of fire on birds and mammals. In: Fire and Ecosystems (T.T. Kozlowski and C.E. Ahlgren, eds.), 73-137. Academic Press, New York.

Bergström, R., and O. Hjeljord. 1987. Moose and vegetation interactions in NW Europe and Poland. Swed. Wildl. Res. Suppl. 1(1), 213-226.

Bogdanov, V.M. 1971. Peculiarities of the age structure of larch-crops of South-West Yakutia. Investigations on forest management. Pskov, 34-56 <in Russian>.

Boldaruyeva, V.O. 1959. The role of parasitic insects in Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv. reproduction. Abstract of a report at IV All-Union Ecology Society Congress. Vol.2, pp.149-152. USSR Acad. Sci., Moscow, Leningrad <in Russian>.

Berndt, R., and W. Winkel. 1974. Ökoschema, Rivalität und Dismigration als öko-ethologische Dispersionsfaktoren. J. Ornith. 155, 398-417.

Bock, C.E., and J.F. Lynch. 1970. Breeding bird populations of burned and unburned forests in the Sierra Nevada. Condor 72, 182-189.

Bradshaw, R., and G. Hannon. 1992. Climatic change, human influence and disturbance regime in the control of vegetation dynamics within Fiby forest, Sweden. J. Ecology 80, 625-632.

Breitenmoser, U., and C. Breitenmoser-Würsten. 1993. Der Schneeschuhhasen-Luchs-Zyklus. Die Suche nach dem Taktgeber. Wildbiol. Intern. 5/8. Zurich (CH)

Breitenmoser, U., B.G. Slough, and C. Breitenmoser-Würsten. 1993. Predators of cyclic prey: Is the Canada lynx victim or profiteer of the snowshoe hare cycle? Oikos 66, 551-554.

Brookes, P.C., A. Landman, G. Pruden, and D.S. Jenkinson. 1985. Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 17, 837-842.

Bulygina, P.K. 1981. Natural regeneration in pine forests of the Middle Angara region after ground fires. Forest Science, Forest Cultures and Soil-science. L. 18, 75-79 <in Russian>.

Bunting, B.T., and J. Lundberg. 1987. The humus profile – concept, class and reality. Geoderma 40 (1-2), 17-36.

Buzykin, A.I. 1975. The effect of surface fires on pine forests of the Middle Angara region. In: Protection of forest resources of Siberia, p.141-153. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Buzykin, A.I., and E.P. Popova. 1978. The influence of fires on forest phytocoenoses and soil properties. In: Pine Forest Productivity (Produktivnost sosnovykh lesov), 5-45. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Buzykin, A.I., V.L. Cavricov, O.P. Sekretenko, and R.G. Khlebopros. 1985. The analysis of structure of forest cenoces. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 94 pp. <in Russian>.

Chambless, L.F., and E.S. Nixon. 1975. Woody vegetation-soil relations in a bottomland forest of East Texas. Texas J. Sci. 26, 407-416.

Cheremkhin, S.S. 1961. Forests of the upper flow of the Vilyni. Works of the Institute of Biology of Yaf, SB, USSR AS. Yakutsk, p. 243-260 <in Russian>.

Chistyakov A.R., and Kreyer V.A. 1976. Natural Regeneration on different types of fire slashes. In: Problems of forest fire (1972). Elimination of its consequences in the Mari Republic, 68-76. Yoshkar-Ola <in Russian>.

Dadykin, V.P. 1952. Behaviouristic features of vegetation on cold soils. USSR Acad. Sci. Publ., 276 pp. <in Russian>.

Demyanov, V.A. 1988. On the terms “moderately open woodland” and “highly open woodland” used in tundra science. Botanical Journal (Botanichesky Zhurnal) 73 (9), 1313-1318 <in Russian>.

Denisov A.K. 1976. Condition and classification of the fire-slashes in the Mari Republic. In: Problems of Forest Fire (1972). Elimination of its consequences in the Mari Republic, 14-43. Yoshkar-Ola <in Russian>.

Denisov A.K. 1979. Forest fires in the middle forest Volga region in 1921 and 1972 and their lessons. In: Combustion and fires in the forest. Krasnojarsk: ILID SO USSR, Part 3, 16-26. <in Russian>.

Diaz-Raviña, M., A. Prieto, M.J. Acea, and T. Carballas. 1992. Fumigation-extraction method to estimate microbial biomass in heated soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 24, 259-264.

Doerr, P.D., L.B. Keith, and D.H. Rush. 1970. Effects of fire on a ruffed grouse population. Proc. Ann. Tall Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf. 11, 25-46. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida.

Dolbeer, R.A., and W.R. Clark. 1975. Population ecology of snowshoe hares in the central Rocky Mountains. J. Wildl. Manage. 39, 535-549.

Dolgaard, S.J., G.W. Gullion, and J.C. Haas. 1976. Mechanized timber harvesting to improve ruffed grouse habitat. Techn. Bull. 308, Forestry Ser. 23, 1-11. Univ. Minnesota.

Donaubauer, E., H. Gossow und F. Reimoser. 1990. “Natürliche” Wilddichten oder forstliche Unverträglichkeitsprüfung für Wildschäden. Österr. Forstz. 101 (6), 6-9.

Dunn, P.H., S.C. Barro, and M. Poth. 1985. Soil moisture affects survival of microorganisms in heated chaparral soil. Soil Biol. Biochem. 17, 143-148.

Dunn, P.H., L.F. DeBano, and G.E. Eberlein. 1979. Effects of burning on chaparral soils: II Soil microbes and nitrogen mineralization. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43, 509-514.

Dyrenkov, S.A. 1984. Taiga spruce forest structure and dynamics. Nauka Publ., Leningrad. 173 pp. <in Russian>.

Dyrness, C.T., K. Van Cleve, and J.D. Levison. 1989. The effect of wildfire on soil chemistry in four forest types in interior Alaska. Can. J. For. Res. 19, 1389-1396.

Dzedzula, A.A. 1969. Forestry and inventory peculiarities of larch forests in the Khantaika river catchment area. Abstract of Thesis. Siberian Technological Institute. Krasnoyarsk. 28 pp. <in Russian>.

Dylis, N.V. 1939. Open birch woodlands and treeless dwarf shrub formations in the taiga forests of the Pechera region as signs of the landscape of the glacial period. Botanical Journal (Botanichesky Zhurnal) 24 (4), 314-338 <in Russian>.

Elton, C. 1942. Voles, mice and lemmings. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 496 pp.

Elton, C., and M. Nicholson. 1942. The ten-year cycle of lynx in Canada. J. Anim. Ecol. 11, 215-244.

Emlen, J.T. 1970. Habitat selection by birds following a forest fire. Ecology 51, 343-345.

Eneroth, O. 1928. Bidrag till kännedomen om hyggesbränningens inverkan på marken. Svenska skogsvårdsföreningens tidskrift 26, 685-758.

Engelmark, O. 1984. Forest fires in the Muddus National Park (Northern Sweden) during the past 600 years. Can. J. Bot. 62, 893-898.

Engelmark, O., L. Kullman, and Y. Bergeron. 1994. Fire and age structure of Scots pine and Norway spruce in northern Sweden during the past 700 years. New Phytologist 126, 163-168.

Eriksson, B. 1986. The precipitation and humidity climate of Sweden during the vegetation period. Reports in meteorology and climatology from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute 46.

Esseen, P-A., L. Ericson, H. Lindström, and O. Zackrisson. 1981. Occurrence and ecology of Usnea longissima in central Sweden. Lichenologist 13, 177-190.

Falaleev E.N. 1964. Fir forests of Siberia and complex use of them. Lesnaya Prim., 166 pp. <in Russian>.

Feller, M.C. 1988. Relationships between fuel properties and slashburning-induced nutrient losses. For. Sci. 34, 998-1015.

Filrose, E.M., A.E. Riabchinsky, G.M. Galushko, and A.V. Konashov. 1990. Ecology of Forests of Western Bashkiria. Ural Branch of the USSR Acad. Sci. Sverdlovsk. 180 pp. <in Russian>.

Firsova, V.P. 1960. On the problems of the effect of forest fires on soil. Problems of development of forest management in the Urals. Proceed. Institute of Biology of the UF of the USSR AS Vol.1, 24-36. Sverdlovsk <in Russian>.

Fowells, H.A., and R.E. Stephenson. 1934. Effect of burning on forest soils. Soil Sci. 38, 175-181.

Fox, J.F. 1978. Forest fires and the snowshoe hare-Canada lynx cycle. Oecologia 31, 349-374.

Gjerde, I. 1991. Cues in winter habitat selection by capercaillie. I. Habitat characteristics. II. Experimental evidence. Ornis Scand. 22, 197-204; 205-212.

Frankland, J.C., J. Dighton, and L. Boddy. 1990. Methods for studying fungi in soil and forest litter. In: Methods in Microbiology, Vol. 22 (R. Grigorova and J.R. Norris, eds.) 343-404. Academic Press, London.

Fritze, H., and E. Bååth. 1993. Microfungal species composition and fungal biomass in a coniferous forest soil polluted by alkaline deposition. Microb. Ecol. 25, 83-92.

Fritze, H., T. Pennanen, and J. Pietikäinen. 1993. Recovery of soil microbial biomass and activity from prescribed burning. Can. J. For. Res. 23, 1286-1290.

Fritze, H., A. Smolander, T. Levula, V. Kitunen, and E. Mälkönen. 1994a. Wood ash fertilization and fire treatments in a Scots pine forest stand: effects on the organic layer, microbial biomass and microbial activity. Biol. Fert. Soils. 17, 57-63.

Fritze, H., P. Järvinen, and R. Hiukka. 1994b. Near-infrared characteristics of forest humus are correalated with soil respiration and microbial biomass in burnt soil. Biol. Fert. Soils. 18, 80-82.

Furyaev, V.V. 1973. Fire effect investigation and use of controlled burning. Com-bustion and Forest Fires (Gorenie i pozhary v lesu). Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Furyaev, V.V. 1977. Forest fires as an ecological factor of taiga formation. In: Problems of forest science of Siberia, p.136-147. Nauka, Moscow <in Russian>.

Furyayev, V.V. 1988. Analysis of the effect of fire for the estimation of forest formation. Forestry Science 1, 59-66.

Girs, G.I. 1979. Dynamics of green pigments of Pinus sylvestris needles following surface fires. In: Conifer Response to Disturbing Factors, pp.22-33. Inst. Forest, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Girs, G.I., and O.N. Zubareva. 1979. Tolerance of vegetative plant parts to high temperature. In: Conifer Response to Disturbing Factors, pp. 5-14. Inst. Forest, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Girs, G.I., and V.M. Yanovsky. 1991. Effects of larch defenses on xylophagous insect guilds. In: Forest Insect Guilds: Patterns of Interaction with Host Trees (P.A. Radnor, ed.), 149-152. USDA For. Serv., Northeastern Forest Exp. Station.

Gorbachev, V.N., V.K. Drimitrienko, E.P. Popova, and N.D. Sorokin. 1982. Soil-ecological studies in forest biogeocenoses. Nauka, Novosibirsk. 185 pp. <in Russian>.

Gossow, H., 1977: Waldstrukturen und Wildstandsentwicklung. Tagungsber. Wald und Wild, Wien, 1977. 1-27.

Gossow, H. 1986. Ungulate game overabundance in central Europe and management integration with forestry demands. 18th IUFRO World Congr. Proc. Div.I, pp.625-636.

Gossow, H. 1987a. Alpine Rotwildvorkommen im Konflikt mit verschiedenen Landnutzungs-Interessen. Cbl. Ges. Forstw. 104, 82-95.

Gossow, H. 1987b. Human land use activities and grouse. In: Proc. 4th Intern. Grouse Symp. (Lam) (T. Lovel and P. Hudson, eds.), 85-93.

Gossow, H. 1992. Political borders as specific ecotones in Central Europe: Problems and options in nature conservation and forestry-wildlife management. IUFRO Centennial Congr. (Berlin – Eberswalde), Abstracts, p.186.

Gossow, H, K. Pseiner, H.G. Jeschke, and B. Pokorny. 1984. On the suitability of some forest parameters in capercaillie habitat evaluation in the Eastern Alps. In: Proc. 3rd Intern. Grouse Symp. (York) (T. Lovel and P. Hudson, eds.), 363-375.

Gossow, H., und F. Reimoser. 1985. Anmerkungen zum Zielkonflikt Wald – Wild – Weide – Tourismus. Schweiz. Z. Forstw. 136, 913-929.

Grange, W.B. 1949. The way to game abundance. Scribner’s, New York, 365 pp.

Grange, W.B. 1965. Fire and tree growth relationships to snowshoe rabbits. Proc. Ann. Tall Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf. 4, 110-125. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida.

Granström, A. 1982. Seed banks in five boreal forest stands originating between 1810 and 1963. Can. J. Botany 60, 1815-1821.

Granström, A. 1993. Spatial and temporal variation in lightning ignitions in Sweden. J. Vegetation Sci. 4, 737-744.

Granström, A., and J. Schimmel. 1993. Heat effects on seeds and rhizomes of a selection of boreal forest plants and potential reaction to fire. Oecologia 94, 307-313.

Grant, W.G., and A.W. West. 1986. Measurement of ergosterol, diaminopimelic acid and glucosamine in soil: evaluation as indicators of microbial biomass. J. Mic. Meth. 6, 47-53.

Grassl, H. 1992. Klimaänderung: Folgen für naturnahe Ökosysteme. NNA (Schneverdingen) Ber. 5/1, 50-52.

Gray, T.R.G. 1990. Methods for studying the microbial ecology of soil. In: Methods in Microbiology, Vol. 22 (R. Grigorova and J.R. Norris, eds.), 309-342. Academic Press, London.

Grishin, I.A. 1973. Effect of fires on soil properties under oak forest of the Amur region. Problems of Geography of the Far East. No.12, 162-175. Vladivostok <in Russian>.

Gullion, G.W. 1970. Factors influencing ruffed grouse populations. Trans. N.A. Wildl. and Nat. Res. Conf. 35, 93-105.

Gullion, G.W. 1972. Improving your forested lands for ruffed grouse. Minn. Agr. Expt. Sta. Misc. J. Ser. Publ. No. 1439.

Gullion, G. 1984. Managing northern forest. Minnesota Agric. Exper. Station/St. Paul, Miscell. J. Ser. 13/442, 1-72.

Gundar, S.V. 1979. Ground fires in the Nizhni Amur basin, their prophylaxis and extinguishing. Avtoref. dis. cand. selsk. khoz. nauk. Krasnoyarsk. 24 pp. <in Russian>.

Gvozdetskii, N.A., and N.I. Mikhailov. 1978. Physical geography of the USSR Mysl. Moscow <in Russian>.

Halonen, O., H. Tulkki, and J. Derome. 1983. Nutrient analysis methods. Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja 121. 28 pp.

Hanssen, J.F., T.F. Thingstad, and J. Goksøyr. 1974. Evaluation of hyphal lengths and fungal biomass in soil by a membrane filter technique. Oikos 25, 102-107.

Harris, L.D., and J. Scheck. 1991. From implications to applications: the dispersal corridor principle applied to the conservation of biological diversity. In: Nature Conservation 2. The Role of Corridors (D.A. Saunders and R.J. Hobbs, eds.), 189-220. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton.

Hayes, D., and T.R. Seastedt. 1989. Nitrogen dynamics of soil water in burned and unburned tallgrass prairie. Soil Biol. and Biochem. 21, 1003-1007.

Heikinheimo, O. 1915. Kaskiviljelyksen vaikutus Suomen metsiin. Referat: Der Einfluss der Brandwirtschaft auf die Wälder Finnlands. Acta Forestalia Fennica 4. 149 pp.

Heinemeyer, O., H. Insam, E.A. Kaiser, and G. Walenzik. 1989. Soil microbial biomass and respiration measurements: an automated technique on infra-red gas analysis. Plant Soil 116, 191-195.

Heinselman, M.L. 1973. Fire in the virgin forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quat. Res. 3 (3), 329-382.

Heinselman, M.L. 1981. Fire and succession in the conifer forests of northern North America. In Forst Succession (D.C. West, H.H. Shugart, and D.B. Botkin, eds.), 374-405. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Hildén, O. 1965. Habitat selection in birds: a review. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 2, 53-75.

Hobbs, R.J., and A.J.M. Hopkins. 1991. The role of conservation corridors in a changing climate. In: Nature Conservation 2. The Role of Corridors (D.A. Saunders and R.J. Hobbs, eds.), 281-290. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Chipping Norton.

Hofgaard, A. 1993. Structure and regeneration patterns of a virgin Picea abies forest in northern Sweden. J. Vegetation Sci. 4, 601-608.

Hultén, E. 1971. Atlas of the distribution of vascular plants in northwestern Europe. Generalstabens Litografiska Anstalt, Stockholm.

Huss, E. and M. Sinko. 1969. Effekt av hyggesbränning. Sveriges Skogsvårdsförbunds Tidskrift 4.

Insam, H., and K. Haselwandter. 1989. Metabolic quotient of the soil microflora in relation to plant succession. Oecologia 79, 174-178.

Isaev, A.S., A.S.Rozhkov, and V.V.Kiselev. 1988. Fir sawyer beetle Monochamus urussovi (Fisch.). Novosibirsk, “Nauka” Publishing House, Siberian Branch, 271 pp. <in Russian>.

Isaev, A.S. 1971. Dynamics of density of fir sawer and measures to control it in fir stands of Krasnoyarsk territory.In:Probl.ZaschTaej.Les.Sib., 21-23.Krasnoyarsk,Inst.For.Wood<inRussian>.

Isaev A.S., V.V.Kiselev, and T.M.Ovchinnikova. 1990. Siberian fir stand resistance against the damage by xylophagous insects. Lesovedenie, N 6, 3-10 <in Russian>.

Jarva, M. and A. Tervahauta. 1993. Vesinäytteiden analyysiohjeet. Methods of water analysis. Metsäntutkimuslaitoksen tiedonantoja 477. 171 pp.

Johnson, E.A. 1992. Fire and Vegetation Dynamics: Studies from the North American Boreal Forest. Cambridge Univ. Press.

Johnston, C.A., J. Pastor, and R.J. Naiman. 1993. Effects of beaver and moose on boreal forest landscapes. In: Landscape Ecology and GIS (R.Haines-Young et al., eds.), 237-254. Taylor & Francis Ltd., London.

Karpel. B.A. and N.S. Medvedeva. 1977. Seed production of Larix dahurica in Yakutia. Nauka Publ. 117 pp. <in Russian>.

Keith, L.B. 1963. Wildife’s ten-year cycle. Univ. of Wisconsin Press, Madison.

Keith, L.B. 1973. Some features of population dynamics in mammals. Proc. Int. Congr. Game Biol. (Stockholm) 11, 17-58.

Kiselev V.V., and T.M. Ovchinnikova. 1991. Simulation of Monochamus urussovi (Fisch.) mass reproduction area dynamics. Lesovedenie, N 6, 3-9 <in Russian>.

Klaus, S., A.V. Andreev, H.H. Bergmann, F. Müller, J. Porkert und J. Wiesner. 1986. Die Auerhühner Tetrao urogallus und T. urugalloides. Ziemsen, Wittenberg.

Klein, D.R. 1982. Fire, lichens, and caribou. J. Range Manage. 35, 390-395.

Klinga, K., R.N. Green, R.L. Trowbridge, and L.E. Lowe. 1981. Taxonomic classification of humus forms in ecosystems of British Columbia, First approximation. Prov. British Columbia, Min. of Forest, Land Manag. Report 8, 54 pp.

Knight, D.H., and L.L. Wallace. 1989. The Yellowstone fires: Issues in landscape ecology. BioSience 39, 700-706.

Kohh, E. 1975. A study of fires and hard pan in the forests of Älvdalen. Sveriges Skogsvårdsförbunds Tidskrift 73, 299-336.

Kolehmainen, V.A. 1955. Havaintoja kulotuksen merkityksestä metsiemme uudistamisessa. Referat: Beobachtungen über die Bedeutung des Abschwendens bei Verjüngung von finnischen Wäldern. Silva Fennica 85, 1-32.

Kolesnikov, B.P. 1969. Forest management areas of the USSR: taiga forest zone and forest management systems in the context of long-term prediction. Inf. Sheet of Scientific Council for Complex Taiga Zone Management No 2, pp. 9-39. Irkutsk <in Russian>.

Kolesnikov, B.P., N.S. Sannikova and N.S. Sannikov. 1973. Effect of surface fire on the structure of a stand and regeneration of forest species. In: Burning and fires in the forest, p.21-22. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Kolobov N.B. 1968. Climate of the Middle Volga region. Kazan, 252 pp.<in Russian>.

Kolomietz, N.G. 1962. The role of Dendrolimus sibiricus in coniferous forests of Western Siberia. USSR Acad. Sci. Publ. Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Komarek, E.V. 1966. Meteorological basis for fire ecology. Proc. Ann. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conf. 5, 85-125.

Komarek, E.V. 1971. Principles of fire ecology and fire management in relation to the Alaskan environment. Proc. Fire in the Northern Environment (Fairbanks), 3-22.

Komarek, E.V. 1973. Ancient fires. Proc. Ann. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conf. 12, 219-241.

Komarova, T.A. 1989. Seed regeneration of plants at the fresh slashes of Sikhote-Alin. Forest Science N 2, 51-60 <in Russian>.

Komarova, T.A. 1992. Post-fire forest successions in the southern part of Sikhote-Alin Region. Vladivostok. 224 pp. <in Russian>.Kondrat’eva, K.A., and V.A. Kudryavtsev. 1977. Map of the geocryological Regions of the USSR. Moscow University Press. Moscow <in Russian>.

Kopp, D., und W. Schwanecke. 1972. Zur Methodenwahl für großmaßstäbige forstliche Standortskartierungen. Beitr. Forstwirt. 6 (2), 4-10.

Koropachinsky, I.Yu. 1958. The effect of fires on the age structure and peculiarities of regeneration of larch forests in the South of Tuva. Forest Journal. N 5, 43-48 <in Russian>.

Korotkov, I.A. and A.A. Dzedzula. 1969. The forests of the Khantaika river basin. Siberian forest types, Issue 2, pp. 230-242. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Korotkov, I.A. 1991. Classification of near-tundra forests of Siberia by site conditions. In: Ecogeographical problems of boreal forest sustenance and artificial regeneration. Proc. All-Union Sci. Conf., pp. 303-307. Arkhangelsk <in Russian>.

Kozlovskaya, L.S., V.M. Medvedeva, and N.I. Pyavchenko. 1978. The dynamics of organic matter development in the process of peat formation. Nauka, Leningrad. 172 pp. <in Russian>.

Krauklis, A.A. 1975. Specific features of the taiga forest of Angara region. In: Natural Regimes and Topogeosystems of Taiga Forest in Angara Region (Prirodnye rezhimy i topogeosistemy Priangarskoi taigi), 14-27. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Krasnoshekov, Yu.N., I.A. Korotkov, Yu.S. Cherednikova, and G. Cedendash. 1990. Methods of present forest ecosystem state estimation and mapping in Mongolia. Joint Russian-Mongolian Expedition. Ulan-Bator. 30pp. <in Russian>.

Krauklis, A.A. 1985. Area analysis on a regional scale. In: Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Resource Exploitation in Angara Region (Dinamika ekosistem i osvoyenie priangarskoi Krutko, taigi), 6-72. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

V.N., S.A. Pegov, D.M. Khomyakov, and P.M. Khomyakov. 1982. Formalization of qualitative estimates of environmental components. All-Union Institute for System Investigation. Moscow <in Russian>

Krebs, C.J., R. Boonstra, S. Boutin, M. Dale, S. Hannon, K. Martin, A.R.E. Sinclair, J.N.M. Smith, and R. Turkington. 1992. What drives the snowhoe hare cycle in Canada’s Yukon? In: Wildlife 2001: Populations (D.McCullough and R. Barrett, eds.), 886-896. Elsevier, London.

Krebs, D.J. and M.S. Gaines. 1971. Genetic changes in fluctuating vole populations. Evol. 25, 702-723.

Kivekäs, J. 1939. Kaskiviljelyksen vaikutus eräisiin maan ominaisuuksiin. Commun. Inst. Forest. Fenn. 27.2

Kryuchkov, V.V. 1976. The delicate subarctic. Nauka, Moscow <in Russian>.

Kudryavtsev, V.A., V.N. Dostovalov, N.N. Romanovskii et al. 1978. General permafrost science. Moscow University Press, Moscow <in Russian>.

Kujala, V. 1926. Untersuchungen über den Einfluss von Waldbränden auf die Waldvegetation in Nord-Finnland. Comm. Inst. Quaest. For. Fin. 10, 1-37.

Kulagina, M.A. 1978. Biological productivity of pine forests and a turnover of macroelements. In: Productivity of pine forests, p.90-161. Nauka, Moscow <in Russian>.

Kurbatskii, N.P. 1964. Taiga fires – patterns of origin and development. Doctoral dissertation, Krasnoyarsk, Inst. Lesa Drev. Sib. Otd. Akad. Nauk SSSR <in Russian>.

Kurbatsky, N.P., N.N. Krasavina, and V.A. Zhdanko. 1957. Forest ground fires and their prophylaxis. LenNIILKH, Leningrad. 32 pp. <in Russian>.

Kurbatsky, N.P. 1964. Initiation of forest fires. In: Problem of forest fires, p.5-60. Nauka, Moscow <in Russian>.

Kurbatsky, N.P. 1964. On the problem of forest fire. In: Forest fire development, p.5-60. Nauka, Moscow <in Russian>.

Kurbatsky, N.P. 1975. Natural and economic factors of increasing fire danger in forests. Problems of forest fire science, pp. 9-17. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Kutiel, P., and Z. Naveh. 1987. The effect of fire on nutrients in a pine forest soil. Plant Soil 104, 269-274.

Kuvaev, V.B. 1975. Description of the vegetation of the southern Putoran mountains. In: Natural landscape patterns of Putoran lakes, pp. 160-186. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk <in Russian

Kuznetsov, G.V. 1987. Habitats, movements, and interactions of moose with forest vegetation in USSR. Swed. Wildl. Res. Suppl. 1 (1), 201-211.

Laws, R.M. 1981. Large mammals feeding strategies and related overabundance problems. In: Problems in Management of Locally Abundant Wild Mammals (P.A. Jewell and S. Holt, eds.), 217-232. Academic Press, New York.

Layser, E.F. 1974. Vegetative classification. It’s application to forestry in the northern Rocky Mountains. J. For. 72, 354-357.

Linder, P. 1988. Jämtgaveln, En studie av brandhistorik, kulturpåverkan och urskogsvärden i ett mellannorrländskt skogsområde. Report 3, Provincial Government of Västernorrland, Härnösand.

Lindholm, T. and H. Vasander. 1987. Vegetation and stand development of mesic forest after prescribed burning. Silva Fennica 21 (3), 259-278.

Lindstrom, E., H. Andrén, P. Angelstam, and P. Widén. 1991. Synchronous population cycles among northern mammals and birds – where and why? Trans. 18th IUGB Congr. (Krakow 1987), pp. 597-603.

Little, S.N. and J.L. Ohmann. 1988. Estimating nitrogen lost from forest floor during prescribed fires in Douglas-fir / western hemlock clearcuts. For. Sci. 34, 152-164.

Lyon, L.J., and J.M. Marzluff. 1984. Fire’s effects on a small bird population. In: Symp. Proc. Fire’s Effects on Wildlife Habitat (Missoula) (J.E. Lotan and J.K. Brown, eds.), pp. 16 – 22. Ogden (Utah).

Lopatin, V.D. 1972. Using similarity coefficient equation in the analysis of grass cover development in meadows and in calculating the rate of syngenesis. In: Methods of Quantitative Estimation in the Investigation of Phytocoenoses Structure (Primenenie kolichestvennykh metodov pri izuchenii struktury fitocenozov), 76-83. Nauka Publ., Moscow <in Russian>.>.

Lukicheva, A.N. 1963. Vegetation of the northwestern Yakutia in relation to the geological structure of the region. Moscow-Leningrad. 168 pp. <in Russian>.

Macadam, A.M. 1987. Effects of broadcast slash burning on fuels and soil chemical properties in the sub-boreal spruce zone of central British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 17, 1577-1584.

MacArthur, R.H., and J.W. MacArthur. 1961. On bird species diversity. Ecology 42, 594-599.

Manko, Yu.I. 1989. Classification of dark coniferous forests of the Far East. In: Dynamic Forest Typology (Dinamicheskaya tipologia lesa), pp.72-80. Nauka Publ., Moscow <in Russian>.

Marion J.M., J.M. Moreno and W.C. Oechel. 1991. Fire severity, ash deposition and clipping effects on soil nutrients in chaparral. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. 55, 235-240.

Martikainen, P.J., and A. Palojärvi. 1990. Evaluation of the fumigation-extraction method for the determination of microbial C and N in a range of forest soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 22, 797-802.

Matveev, P.M., and A.P. Abaimov. 1985. The post-fire larch regeneration in different permafrost zones. In: Larch, 28-34. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Matveev, P.M. 1988. Especially of fire influence to regeneration of larches in northern taiga. In: Larch, 18-20. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Matveyev, P.M., and A.P. Abaimov. 1980. On the role of fire in larch stands on permafrost soils. In: Forest fires and their effects, pp. 123-129. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Matveyev, P.M. 1981. Effect of fire action on successfulness of natural regeneration in larch forests. In: Larch: growing and cultivation, pp. 40-43. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Matveyev, P.M. 1984. Postfire soil thawing in larch stands distributed in the permafrost zone. In: Larch (problems of complex produce processing). Interuniversity Scope of Scientific Papers, pp. 36-41. Krasnoyarsk Polytechnical Institute, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Matveyev, P.M. 1988. Assistance in forest regeneration in the North taiga larch forests of Evenkiya. Problem of reforestation in the taiga zone of the USSR, pp. 147-149. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Meiklejohn, J. 1955. The effect of bush burning on the microflora of a Kenya upland soil. J. Soil Sci. 6, 111-118.

Melekhov, I.S. 1944. On the theory of forest pyrology. Arkhangelsk <in Russian>.

Melekhov, I.S. 1948. Effect of fires on forest. Goslestekhizdat, Moscow <in Russian>.

Melekhov, I.S. 1948. Influence of fires on forest. Goslestekhizdat, Moscow – Leningrad. 124 pp. <in Russian>.

Miller, D.R. 1989. Wildfire effects on barren-ground caribou wintering on the taiga of northcentral Canada: a reassessment. Proc. Int. Reindeer and Caribou Symp. (Röros) 2, 84-98.

Mironenko, O.N. 1967. Description of the forest cover of the northern Central Siberian highland (Kotui river basin). J. Forestry (Lesovedenie) No 5, 28-36 <in Russian>.

Mironenko, O.N. 1970. Vegetation at the Kotui river head (Northern Evenkia). Abstract of the Thesis. Krasnoyarsk. 31 pp. <in Russian>.

Moran, P.A.P. 1949. The statistical analysis of the sunspot and lynx cycles. J. Anim. Ecol. 18, 115-116.

Nelson, J.R. 1974. Forest fire and big game in the Pacific Northwest. Proc. Ann. Tall Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf. 15, 85-102. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida.

Norin, B.N. 1958. On the investigation of wood species regeneration from seed and sprouts in the forest-tundra zone. In: Vegetation of the USSR Far North and its management, Vol.3., pp. 154-244. Moscow-Leningrad <in Russian>.

Norin, B.N. 1978. Vegetation pattern of the central Ary-Mas forest block. In. Environmental conditions, flora, and vegetation of the northernmost forest area, pp. 133-162. Nauka Publ, Leningrad <in Russian>.

Norin, B.N. 1979. The structure of vegetation communities of the east-European forest-tundra zone. Nauka Publ., Leningrad. 200 pp. <in Russian>.

Norin, B.N. et al. 1986. Mountain phytocoenotic systems of the subarctic zone. Nauka Publ., Leningrad. 290 pp. <in Russian>.

Novoseltseva, I.F. 1975. Initial stages of reestablishment of herb-dwarf shrub layer in the pine forests of the Angara region after ground fires. In: Protection of forest resources of Siberia, p.179-186. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Oldemeyer, J.L., and W.L. Regelin. 1987. Forest succession, habitat management, and moose on the Kenai National Wildlife Refuge. Swed. Wildl. Res. Suppl. 1 (1), 163-179.

Olson, F.C. 1950. Quantitative estimates of filamentous algae. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 69, 272-279.

Östlund, L., and H. Linderson. 1995. A dendrochronological study of the transformation of a boreal forest stand. Scandinavian J. For. Res. 10, 56-64.

Palumets, Ya.K. 1988. Distribution of fractions of the phytomass of Norway spruce as a function of age and climatic factors. Lesovedenie 2, 34-40.

Parmuzin, Yu.P. 1979. The tundra-forest zone of the USSR. Misc. Publ. Moscow. 295 pp. <in Russian>.

Peek, J.M. 1986. A Review of Wildlife Management. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.

Peek, J.M., D.L. Urich, and R.J. Mackie. 1976. Moose habitat selection and relationships to forest management. Wildl. Monogr. 48.

Peek, J.M., D.J. Pierce, D.C. Graham, and D.L. Davis. 1978. Moose habitat use and implications for forest management in Northcentral Idaho. Swed. Wildl. Res. Suppl. 1 (1), 195-199.

Petrov, D. 1992. Kahlschlag in der sibirischen Taiga. In: Klassenfeind Natur. Die Umweltkatastrophe in Osteuropa (V. Thurn and B. Clausen, eds.), pp. 170-178.

Picozzi, N., D.C. Catt, and R. Moss. 1992. Evaluation of capercaillie habitat. J. Appl. Ecol. 29, 751-762.

Pietikäinen, J., and H. Fritze. 1993. Microbial biomass and activity in the humus layer following burning: Short term effects of two different fires. Can. J. For. Res. 23, 1275-1285.

Pietikäinen, J., and H. Fritze. 1995. Clear-cutting and prescribed burning in coniferous forest: comparison of effects on soil fungal and total microbial biomass, respiration activity and nitrification. Soil Biol. Biochem. 27, 101-109.

Pobedinsky, A.V. 1962. The study of forest regeneration processes. Krasnoyarsk Publ.

Pobedinsky, A.V. 1965. Peculiarities of forest regeneration of Eastern Siberia. In: Proceedings of scientific conference on the investigation of forests of Siberia and the Far East, pp. 144-154. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Pobedinsky, A.V. 1965. Pine forests of Middle Siberia and beyond the Baikal. Nauka, Moscow. 267 pp. <in Russian>.

Polikarpov, N.P., R.M. Babintseva, Yu. S. Cherednikova, and L.M. Uskova, 1978. High-altitude ecological systems as the basis of organization of rational nature utilization in the Lake Baikal basin. Rational nature utilization and protection of the BAM environment, Popov, L.V. 1957. Forests of Chuna-Vikhoreva interfluve. In: Biology Series, Transactions of East-Siberian Branch of the USSR Acad. Sci. Vol. 5, 144 pp. <in Russian>.

Popov L.V. 1982. Southern taiga forests of Central Siberia. Irkutsk State University Publ., Irkutsk, 360 pp. <in Russian>.pp. 40-45. Irkutsk <in Russian>.

Popova, E.P. 1975. The effect of ground fire on the characteristics of forest soils of Angara area. In: The protection of forest resources of Siberia, 166-168. Inst. Forest and Wood, SD AS USSR, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Pozdnyakov, L.K. 1975. Larix dahurica. Nauka, Moscow, 310 pp. <in Russian>.

Pozdnyakov, L.K. 1986. Permafrost forest science. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk. 190 pp. <in Russian>.

Prokushkin, S.G. 1982. Mineral nutrition of pine supported by cold soils. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk. 202 pp. <in Russian>.

Pyavchenko, N.I. 1978. Biogeocenotic regularities of genesis of the bogs and the dynamics of their plant life. In: Genesis and dynamics of the bogs, 13-18. MGU. Moscow <in Russian>.

Pyne, S.J. 1993. Keeper of the flame: a survey of anthropogenic fire. In: Fire in the Environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fire (P.J. Crutzen and J.G. Goldammer, eds.), 245 266. Dahlem Workshop Reports. Environmental Sciences Research Report 13. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Raison, R.J., P.K. Khanna, and P.V. Woods. 1985. Mechanisms of element transfer to the atmosphere during vegetation fires. Can. J. For. Res. 15, 132-140.

Rakovsky, V.Ye., F.L. Kagonovich and Ye.A. Novichkova. 1959. Chemical processes during fires. AS BSSR, Minsk. 208 pp. <in Russian>.

Ramensky, L.G, I.A. Tzatzenkin, O.I. Chizhikov, and N.A. Antipin. 1956. Ecological assessment of natural meadowlands using vegetation cover analysis. Moscow. 472 pp. <in Russian>.

Reimoser, F. 1985. Wechselwirkungen zwischen Waldstruktur, Rehwild und Rehwildbejagbarkeit in Abhängigkeit von der waldbaulichen Betriebsform. Fallstudie aus einem montanen Bergwaldrevier. Diss. Agricult. Univ. Vienna. 318 pp.

Reimoser, F. 1990. Über die Problematik der objektiven Kontrolle von Wildschäden im Zusammenhang mit forstlichen Verbiß-Gutachten als Grundlage für die Abschußplanung bei Schalenwild. Holzwirtsch. 46 (8/9), 26-30.

Renberg, I., T. Korsman, and H.J.B. Birks. 1993. Prehistoric increases in the pH of acid-sensitive Swedish lakes caused by land-use changes. Nature 362, 824-827.

Romanovskii, N.N. 1980. The gold of the Earth. Prosveshchenie, Moscow <in Russian>.

Romme, W.H., and M.G. Turner. 1991. Implications of global climate change for biogeographic patterns in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Conserv. Biol. 5, 373-386.

Ross, D.J. 1990. Estimation of soil microbial C by a fumigation-extraction method: influence of seasons, soils and calibration with the fumigation-incubation procedure. Soil Biol. Biochem. 22, 295-300.

Rowe, J.S. 1979. Large fires in the large landscapes of the north. Symp. Proc. Fire Management in the Northern Environment, pp. 8 – 32. U.S. Dpt. Interior.

Rowe, J.S., and G.W. Scotter. 1973. Fire in the boreal forest. Quat. Res. 3 (3), 444-464.

Sarvas, R. 1937. Uber die natürliche Bewaldung der Waldbrandflächen (German summary). Acta For. Fennica 46, 76-145.

Schaffer, W.M. 1984. Stretching and folding in lynx fur returns: evidence for a strange attractor in nature? Am. Nat. 124, 798-820.

Rozkov, A.S. 1965. Mass reproduction of Dendrolimus sibiricus and measures for its control. Nauka. Moscow. 180 pp. <in Russian>.

Sambuk, V.F. 1937. Brief description of the vegetation of the Taimyr peninsula. In: The Problems of the Arctic Zone, Vol1., pp. 127-154 <in Russian>.

Sannikov, S.N. 1973. Forest fires as an evolution-ecological factor of pine regeneration beyond the Urals. In. Burning and fires in the forest, pp. 112-118. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Sannikov, S.N. 1981. Forest fire as a factor of structure, development, renovation and evolution of biogeocenosis. Ecology 6, 23-33.

Sannikov, S.N. 1983. The theory of cyclic renovation of Pinus vulgaris due to fire-erosion processes. Ecology 1, 10-20.

Sapozhnikov, A.P. 1973. On the role of pyrogeneous processes in the formation of forest biogeocenoses. Theses of papers of the meeting “Results of scientific invest” on forest science and forest biogeocenology, p.32-34. Moscow <in Russian>.

Sapozhnikov, A.P. 1976. The influence of fire on the formation of forest soils. Ecology 1, 42-45.

Sarvas, R. 1937a. Kuloalojen luontaisesta metsittymisestä. Referat: Über die natürliche Bewaldung der Waldbrandflächen. Acta Forestalia Fennica 46.1. 146 pp.

Sarvas, R. 1937b. Havaintoja kasvillisuuden kehityksestä Pohjois-Suomen kuloaloilla. Referat: Beobachtungen über die Entwicklung der Vegetation auf den Waldbrandflächen Nord-Finnlands. Silva Fennica 44. 64 pp.

Savchenko, G.A. 1982. Investigation of Krimean pine fire resistance aimed at fire resistant forest formation in the Krimea. Abstract of thesis. Moscow <in Russian>.

Schaefer, J.A., and W.O. Pruitt Jr. 1991. Fire and woodland caribou in SE Manitoba. Wildl. Monogr. 116, 1-39.

Schimmel, J. 1993. On fire. Fire behavior, fuel succession and vegetation response to fire in the Swedish boreal forest. Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå.

Schimmel, J., and A. Granström. 1996. Fire severity and vegetation response in the boreal Swedish forest. Ecology

Schmidt-Vogt, H. 1985. Struktur und Dynamik natürlicher Fichtenwälder in der borealen Nadelwaldzone. Z. Schweiz. Forstwes. 136, 977-994.

Scotter, G.W. 1970. Wildfires in relation to the habitat of barren-ground caribou in the taiga of northern Canada. Proc. Ann. Tall Timbers Ecol. Conf. 10, 85-105.

Scotter, G.W. 1971. Fire, vegetation, soil, and barren-ground caribou relationship in northern Canada. Proc. Fire in the Northern Environment (Fairbanks), pp. 209-230.

Semenov-Tjan-Shanskij, O.I. 1960. Ecology of tetraoids. Trudy Laplands. Zapov. 5, 1-318 <in Russian, cited after Klaus et al. 1986>.

Shanin, S.S and E.N. Falaleyev. 1960. Regularities of the age structure of coniferous forests of Siberia. Forest Management N IO, 20-21 <in Russian>.

Shchegolkova, N.M. 1988. The soils of burns and changing of their properties at reforestation in the Sikhote-Olinsky reserve. Author essay of cand. disser. Moscow. 21 pp. <in Russian>.

Shcherbakov, I.P. 1982. Forests at the head and central parts of Vilui river. Scientific paper scope: Botanical Studies in the Cryolithic Zone, pp. 91-104. Yakutsk <in Russian>.

Shumilova, L.V. 1962. Botanical geography of Siberia. TGU Publ. Tomsk. 440 pp. <in Russian>.

Sinclair, A.R.E., J.M. Gosline, G. Holdsworth, C.J. Krebs, S. Boutin, J.N.M. Smith, R. Boonstra, and M. Dale. 1993. Can solar cycle and climate synchronize the snowshoe hare cycle in Canada? Evidence from tree rings and ice cores. Amer. Nat. 141, 173-198.

Sirén, G. 1955. The development of spruce forest on raw humus sites in northern Finland and its ecology. Acta Forestalia Fennica 62.4. 363 pp.

Sirén, G. 1974. Some remarks on fire ecology in Finnish forestry. Proceedings Ann. Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conferences 13, 191-209. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida.

Smith, D.W., and T.D. James. 1978. Characteristics of prescribed burns and resultant short-term environmental changes in Populus tremuloides woodland in southern Ontario. Can. J. Bot. 56, 1782-1791.

Sochava, V.B. 1956. Dark coniferous forests. In: Vegetation cover of the USSR, Vol.1, pp. 133-256. USSR Acad. Sci. Publ., Moscow-Leningrad <in Russian>.Socrates, G. 1980. Infrared characteristic group frequencies. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

Sofronov, M.A. and A.V. Volokitina. 1986. Fires in the bogged forests of West Siberia. In: Hydromorphic forest-bog ecosystems, 139-150. Inst. Forest and Wood, SD AS USSR, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Sofronov, M.A. 1988. Pyrological characteristic of the vegetation of the head portion of Turukhan river basin. In: Forest fires and their control, pp. 205-211. VNIILM Publ., Moscow <in Russian>.

Sofronov, M.A., and A.P. Abaimov. 1991. Peculiarities of the regeneration of forests on cold soils. In: Proc. Conf. on Fundamental Concepts of Forest Formation Process, pp. 154-155. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Sparling, G.P., C.W. Feltham, J. Reynolds, A.W. West, and P. Singleton. 1990. Estimations of soil microbial C by a fumigation-extraction method: use on soils of high organic matter content and a reassessment of the kec-factor. Soil Biol. Biochem. 22, 301-307.

Sparling, G.P., and A.W. West. 1988. A direct extraction method to estimate soil microbial C: calibration in situ using microbial respiration and 14C labelled soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 20, 337-343.

Söderström, B.E. 1979. Seasonal fluctuations of active fungal biomass in horizons of a podzolized pine forest soil in Central Sweden. Soil Biol. Biochem. 11, 149-154.

Sofronov, M.A., and A.D. Vakurov. 1981. Fire in the forest. Nauka, Novosibirsk. 128 pp. <in Russian>.

Starr, M.R. 1985. Prescribed burning and soil acidification. In: Symposium on the effects of air pollution on forest and water ecosystems, Helsinki April 23-24, 1985. The Foundation for Research of Natural Resources in Finland, p.101-106.

Steijlen, I., and O. Zackrisson. 1986. Long term regeneration dynamics and successional trends in a northern Swedish coniferous forest stand. Can. J. Bot. 65, 839-848.

Stepanov, G.M. 1985. Forest regeneration in burned areas in the northern taiga of Yakutia. Abstract of the Thesis. Krasnoyarsk. 17 pp. <in Russian>.

Stoszek, K. 1992. Adaptive Waldbewirtschaftung. Österr. Forstz. 4/92, 14-16.

Sukachev, V.N., and S.V. Zonn. 1961. Methodical instructions for study of forest types. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Moscow <in Russian>.

Sundman, V., V. Huhta, and S. Niemelä. 1978. Biological changes in northern spruce forest soil after clear-cutting. Soil Biol. Biochem. 10, 393-397.

Swenson, J.E., and P. Angelstam. 1993. Habitat separation by sympatric forest grouse in Fennoscandia in relation to boreal forest succession. Can. J. Zool. 71, 1303-1310.

Tande, G.F. 1979. Fire history and vegetation pattern of coniferous forests in Jasper National Park, Alberta. Can. J. Bot. 57, 1912-1931.

Tarabukina, V.G., and D.D. Savvinov. 1990. Fire impact on permafrost soils. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk. 120 pp. <in Russian>.

Tchertovsky, V.G. 1983. Peculiarities of near-tundra spruce stand structure and growth. In: Problems of the management of near-tundra forests of the USSR Europen part, pp. 5-16. AILiLH Publ., Arkhangelsk <in Russian>.

Tchertovsky, V.G., B.A. Semenov et al. 1987. Tundra bordering forests. Agropromizdat Publ. Moscow. 168 pp. <in Russian>.

Tchugunova, R.V. 1971. Larix dahurica regeneration in the Zhigansky district of Yakutia. In: The study of vegetation and soils of the Northeastern USSR, pp. 76-82. Yakutsk <in Russian>.

Tchugunova, R.V.1979. Fire influence on regrowth and postfire regrowth development. In: Forest fires in Yakutia and their impact on vegetation patterns, pp. 158-181. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Theodorou, C., and G.D. Bowen. 1982. Effects of a bushfire on the microbiology of a South Australian low open (dry sclerophyll) forest soil. Aust. For. Res. 12, 317-327.

Thompson, I.D., and D.A. Welsh. 1993. Integrated resource management in boreal forest ecosystems – impediments and solutions. For. Chron. 69, 32-39.

Tikhomirov, V.N., I.YA Koropachinskii, and E.N. Falaleev. 1961. Larch forests of Siberia and the Far East. Goslesbumizdat, Moscow <in Russian>.

Tirén, L. 1937. Skogshistoriska studier i trakten av Degerfors i Västerbotten. Meddelanden från Statens Skogsförsöksanstalt 30, 67-322.

Tiwari, V.K., and B. Rai. 1977. Effect of soil burning on microfungi. Plant Soil 47, 693-697.

Tkachenko, M.Ye. 1939. General forest management. Gostekhizdat, Leningrad. 729 pp. <in Russian>.

Tyulina, L.N. 1937. Khatanga region forest vegetation at the northern boundary of its areal extent. Arctic Institute Transactions (Geobotany) Vol.63, 83-180. Leningrad <in Russian>.

Tzvetkov, P.A. 1976. On fire indication problem. In: Sovremennye issledovania tipologii i pirologii lesa <Current investigations into forest typology and pyrology>, 108-114. Arkhangelsk <in Russian>.

Tunlid, A., and D.C. White. 1992. Biochemical analysis of biomass, community structure, nutritional status, and metabolic activity of microbial communities in soil. In: Soil Biochemistry, Vol. 7 (G. Stotzky and J.-M. Bollag, eds.), 229-262. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.

Tyuremnov, S.N. 1956. On the problem of boundary horizon. Devoted to the academician V.N. Sukachev on his 75 years anniversary, 572-580. AS USSR, Moscow – Leningrad <in Russian>.

Uggla, E. 1957. Mark- och lufttemperaturer vid hyggesbränning samt eldens inverkan på vegetation och humus. Summary: Temperatures during controlled burning. The effect of the fire on the vegetation and the humus cover. Norrlands skogsvårdsförbunds tidskrift 4, 443-500.

Uggla, E. 1958. Ecological effects of fire on north Swedish forests. Almqvist & Wiksell AB, Uppsala. 18 pp.

Uggla, E. 1967. En studie över bränningseffekten på ett tunt råhumustäcke. Summary: Effects of the fire on a thin layer of raw humus. Sveriges skogsvårdsförbunds tidskrift 2, 155-170.

Utkin, A.I. 1960. On natural regeneration of Larix dahurica in Central Yakytiya. Comm. Laboratories of Forest Science of the USSR AS.-M.2, 44-68 <in Russian>.

Utkin, A.I. and A.S. Isayev. 1962. Ground fires in larch forests of Eastern Siberia and their effect on the conditions of forest stands. In: Larch 29, 60-70. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Van Cleve, K., and L.A. Viereck. 1981. Forest succession in relation to nutrient cycling in the boreal forest of Alaska. In: Forest succession (D.C. West, H.H. Shugart, adn D.B. Botkin, eds.), pp.185-211. Springer, New York.

Vance, E.D., P.C. Brookes, and D.S. Jenkinson. 1987. An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C. Soil Biol. Biochem. 19, 703-707.

Van Wagner, C.E. 1978. Age-class distribution and the forest fire cycle. Can. J. For. Res. 8, 220-227.

Vasander, H., and T. Lindholm. 1985. Fire intensities and surface temperatures during prescribed burning. Silva Fenn. 19, 1-15.

Vasilevich, V.I. 1969. Statistical methods in geobotany. Nauka Publ., Leningrad. 232 pp. <in Russian>.

Vega, J.A., and F. Diaz-Fierros. 1989. Wildfire effects on soil erosion. Ecol. Mediter.13, 120-125.

Vetrova, V.P. 1986. Influence of sparse and dense populations of fir sawer on fir stands /Lesovedenie, N1, 43-50 <in Russian>.

Viereck, L.A. 1973. Wildfire in the taiga of Alaska. Quat.Res. 3, 465-495.

Vinogradov, B.V. 1984. Aero-space ecosystem monitoring. Nauka Publ., Moscow. 321 pp. <in Russian>.Viereck, L.A. 1973. Wildfire in the taiga of Alaska. Quat. Res. 3, 445-465.

Vipper, V.I. 1964. The influence of grass-brush layer on Larix dahurica regeneration in Central Yakutia. In: Artificial regeneration and improvement of the forest, pp. 122-132. USSR Acad. Sci. Publ., Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Viro, P.J. 1969. Prescribed burning in forestry. Commun. Inst. Forest. Fenn. 67.7.

Viro, P.J. 1974. Effects of forest fire on soil. In: Fire and ecosystems (T.T. Kozlowski and C.E. Ahlgren, eds.), 7-45. Academic Press. New York.

Vodopyanova, N.S. 1975. Vegetation of the southwestern Putoran mountains. In: Putoran Lake Province, pp. 122-140. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Vodopyanova, N.S. 1976. Vegetation of the Putoran mountains. In: Flora of the Putoran, pp. 11-31. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Voinov, G.S., and M.A. Sofronov. 1976. Predicting stand mortality after surface fire. In: Sovremennye issledovania tipologii i pirologii lesa <Current Investigations into Forest Typology and Pyrology>, 115-121. Arkhangelsk <in Russian>.

Volokitina, A.V. 1985. Fire development of bogged forests of the South of West Siberia. In: Forest fires and their after-effect, 64-73. Inst. Forest and Wood, SD AS USSR, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Wardle, D.A. 1992. A comparative assessment of factors which influence microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen levels in soil. Biol. Rev. 67, 321-358.

Weber, M.I. 1990. Forest soil respiration after cutting and burning in immature aspen ecosystem. Forest Ecol. Manage. 31, 1-14.

Wein, R.W. 1990. The importance of wildfire to climate change – hypotheses for the taiga. In: Fire in ecosystem dynamics. Mediterranean and northern perspectives (J.G. Goldammer and M.J. Jenkins, eds.), 185-190. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, 199p.

Wein, R.W. 1993. Historical biogeography of fire: circumpolar taiga. In: Fire in the Environment: The Ecological, Atmospheric, and Climatic Importance of Vegetation Fire (P.J. Crutzen and J.G. Goldammer, eds.), 267-276. Dahlem Workshop Reports. Environmental Sciences Research Report 13. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

West, A.W, W.D. Grant, and G.P. Sparling. 1987. Use of ergosterol, diaminopimelic acid and glucosamine contents of soils to monitor changes in microbial populations. Soil Biol. Biochem. 19, 607-612.

Wieslander, G. 1936. Skogsbristen i Sverige under 1600- och 1700-talen. Sveriges SkogsvårdsförbundsTidskrift 1936, 593-663.

Wikars, L. 1992. Skogsbränder och insekter. Entomologisk Tidskrift 113.4, 1-11.

Wretlind, J. 1932. Om hyggesbränningarna inom Malå revir. Norrlands Skogsvårdsförbunds Tidskrift 1932, 243-331.

Wretlind, J. 1935. Naturbetingelserna för de nordsvenska järnpodsolerade moränmarkernas tallhedar och mossrika skogssamhällen. Sveriges Skogsvårdsförbunds Tidskrift 32, 329-396.

Wright, H.A., and A.W. Bailey. 1982. Fire Ecology. Wiley & Sons, New York.

Zackrisson, O. 1977. Influence of forest fires on the North Swedish boreal forests. Oikos 29, 22-32.

Yanovsky, V.M. 1979. Ecofaunistic estimation of dendrophagous insects in Mongolia. In: Wildlife of Baikal Basin, pp.78-92. Nauka Publ., Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Yanovsky, V.M. 1980. Major forest pests in Mongolia. In: Forests of Mongolia (Management Implications), pp.116-137. Nauka, Moscow <in Russian>.

Yanovsky, V.M. 1983. Pests of near-taiga forests. In: Forests of Mongolia (Larch Forests of Central Khentey), pp.126-142. Nauka, Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Yanovsky, V.M. 1987. Difference in ecological requirements between dendrophagous insects and plants as an index of forest ecosystem stability. In: Ecological Wildlife Habitat Estimation, pp.5-16. Nauka, Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Yanovsky, V.M. 1991. Contribution of insects to forest tolerance decrease under antropogenic stress. In: Forest Tolerance to Insect Influence, pp.32-33. Inst. Forest, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Yanovsky, V.M., A.S. Pleshanov, T.A. Agafonova, and V.I. Epova. 1991. Entomological classification of forests of the Jida river basin. In: Problems of the Baikal Region Forest Ecology, pp.121-148. SIBFIBR, Irkutsk <in Russian>.

Yefremova, T.T. 1988. Humus analysis of the soils of top peat in terms of microrelief. Izvestia Yegorov, O.V. 1961. Ecology and hunting of the Yakutian squirrel. USSR Acad. Sci. Publ., Moscow. 266 pp. <in Russian>.

SD AS USSR, Ser.Biol.N.I, 38-44 <in Russian>.

Yevdokimenko, M.D. 1985. Fire danger of high-altitude vegetation complexes in the Lake Yli-Vakkuri, P. 1961. Emergence and initial development of tree seedling on burnt-over forest land. Acta Forestalia Fennica 74.1. 51 pp.Baikal basin. In: Forest fires and their consequences, pp. 46-55. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>

Zackrisson, O. 1977. Influence of forest fires on the North Swedish boreal forest. Oikos 29, 22-32.

Zackrisson, O. and L. Östlund. 1991. Branden formade skogslandskapets dynamik. Skog och Forskning 1991 (4), 13-21.

Zetterstedt, J.W. 1833. Resa genom Umeå Lappmarker i Vesterbottens län förrättad år 1832. Örebro.


Top
Back

 

Print Friendly, PDF & Email
WP-Backgrounds Lite by InoPlugs Web Design and Juwelier Schönmann 1010 Wien