GFMC: Meterological Conditions and Fire in South East Asia
SouthEast Asia
RegularFire and Weather Update
15 August 2005
Current Media Information:
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Indonesia Fires Burn, Malaysia Chokes (published by www.planetark.com, 15 August 2005)
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Haze Watch: Riau villagers unperturbed (published by www.nst.com.my, 15 August 2005)
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100 firefighters going to Riau (published by New Straits Times, 14 August 2005)
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Slight haze in Seria and Kuala Belait (published by Brunei Direct, 12 August 2005)
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Indonesia fires burn, Malaysia chokes (published by AlertNet, 12 August 2005)
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Luftverschmutzung in Malaysia wird immer bedrohlicher (published by Die Welt, 12 August 2005)
GFMC: Nothing New in Southeast Asias Haze Situation Peat Conversion Fires in Full Swing
The current haze event is no worse than on previous occasions the difference has been that the wind direction has brought most of the smoke to Kuala Lumpur, for a few days at least. KL is about 160 km from the fires. The wind has now shifted northwards and Penang is affected.
Selected satellite imagery illustrate the variations in smoke plume trajectory from peat fires in this particular area (a) NOAA-14 captured 8 July 2001 by FFPCP when the smoke plume passed south of Kuala Lumpur and (b) the fires in late June this year when the plume passed north of KL. This is the MODIS-Terra image of 26 June 2005.
The most recent image is the NOAA-12 night image from 14 August 2005 at 04:45 hrs West Indonesia time, showing large HTE areas (Source: Meteorological Services Division, National Environment Agency, Singapore).
For the mosaic image, a couple of SPOT Quicklook images from the Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP) at the National University of Singapore have been superimposed on a MODIS-Terra image of 26 June 2005. This is supposed to show that the current fires are in the same location as those of June this year.
See also earlier GFMC Updates:
21 January 2005: https://gfmc.online/gfmcnew/2005/01/0121/20050121_sea.html
6 February 2005: https://gfmc.online/gfmcnew/2005/02/0206/20050206_sea.html
28 February 2005: https://gfmc.online/gfmcnew/2005/02/0228/20050228_sea.html
and others displayed on the current and archive website of the GFMC.
The following information is taken from the following websites of the Indonesian Ministry for Forestry and reflects the situation back in the 1990s when land-use fires burned in the same regions of Sumatra, especially in Riau Province in a similar way as they continue in 2005:
- The July 2001 Fires in Central Sumatra: http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/PHPA/FFPCP/articles/FFPCP%20-%20The%20July%202001%20Fires%20in%20Central%20Sumatra.htm
- This and other articles published by the Forest Fire Prevention and Control Project (FFPCP) in the late 1990s to 2001, as well as archived and evaluated media reports are available on: http://www.dephut.go.id/INFORMASI/PHPA/FFPCP/articles.htm
Latest satellite scenes:
TERRA
12 August 2005
The link provides a higher resolution for both scenes
Air Quality Emergency in Malaysia
In mid-August, several locations in mainland Malaysia declared air quality emergencies, as smoke from burning forests in Indonesia wafted across the Strait of Malacca and blanketed the country with haze. Many regions closed their schools and businesses, and news reports have indicated this may the worst air quality event the country has experienced since the terrible fire season on Sumatra during the 1997-98 El Niño.
This pair of images shows the region in Sumatra where many of the fires are burning (left), and the resulting smoke blanketing Malaysia (right). Although it is sometimes difficult to distinguish smoke from clouds, the infrared-enhanced view can penetrate the smoke in places. In this type of image, vegetation is bright green, clouds are white or light blue, and smoke becomes almost transparent in many places. Water is dark blue (nearly black). Actively burning fires are marked with red dots. These images were captured by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASAs Terra satellite on August 12, 2005.
(source: earthobservatory)
I. Monitoring of Smoke-Haze and Active Fires (land-use fires and wildfires)
Regional Smoke-Haze Monitoring
The Meteorological Division of the Singapore National Environment Agency provides a daily updated map showing active fires (land-use fires, wildfires), smoke haze and surface wind directions within the South East Asian region.
Latest map of surface winds and smoke haze/hot spots observed over cloud-free areas.
(Source: http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=1195)
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Latest regional active fire (hotspot) maps:
http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=1674 -
Forecast of winds and surface pressure for the South East Asian Region:
http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=1122 - Other Regional NOAA and GOES Satellite Images:
http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/category_sub.asp?cid=59 - Update of Regional Weather and Smoke Haze for the last Month:
http://app.nea.gov.sg/cms/htdocs/article.asp?pid=1196
Fire Activity Monitoring in Borneo (Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak)
The Integrated Forest Fire Management Project (IFFM) in Samarinda provides regulary updated maps generated by NOAA-AVHRR showing active land-use fires and wildfires in Brunei and the Indonesian and Malaysian provinces on Borneo Island.
Latest fire overview map for Borneo: 15 December 2004
(Source: IFFM Fire Maps)
Fire Activity Monitoring in South Sumatra
The South Sumatra Forest Fire Management Project provides regular fire activity maps based on the products of the MODIS Rapid Response System: http://www.ssffmp.or.id/ssffmp/fwi-2.asp?id=2
II. Fire Weather and Fire Danger Monitoring and Early Warning
Regional Fire Weather
The Regional South East Asia Fire Danger Rating System (SEA FDRS) is a joint effort between the Canadian Forest Service (CFS) and the Malaysian Meteorological Service (MMS), supported by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA). Daily updated SEA Fire Danger Rating can be downloaded on the following website of MMS, and background information on the project can be found at the SEA FDRS Project website.
Latest example of a SEA FDRS product:
The Fire Weather Index (FWI) values shown on the map are numerical ratings of fire intensity.
Information from the Initial Spread Index (ISI) and Build Up Index (BUI) is combined to provide a numerical rating of fire intensity.
This index is used to indicate the difficulty of fire control based on the head fire intensity and fire fighting capability.
Information on the Indonesian Fire Danger Rating System (Indonesian FDRS) is provided by the Indonesian Bureau of Meteorology and Geophysics (BMG) in Jakarta. The site provides information for fire managers working to prevent and control vegetation fires and smoke in Indonesia. This link points to the English version; a Bahasa Indonesian version can be found there as well: http://www.bmg.go.id:8080/fdrs/index_e.html.
The GFMC displays selected and daily updated global and Asia-Pacific Experimental Climate Prediction Center (ECPC) Fire Weather Forecasts. These examples allow a quicklook and provide daily and weekly total forecasts and forecasted monthly totals. For background information refer to the ECPC products description page.
tomorrow – week – monthly
Fire Weather Index (FWI) forecast for this week (left) and the predicted FWI total for next month (right)
for the Western Pacific (1-3) and the Pacific Ocean (4-6) regions.
The weekly total forecast and the monthly forecasted total refer to 00:00 hrs UTC, which is local noon at dateline (180° longitude).
Forecast time is 12:00 hrs noon UTC (Greenwich) corresponding to local evening time in mainland and insular SE Asia.
(Source: ECPC Fire Weather Index Forecast)
III. Further information:
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The ASEAN Haze Action Online provides the following information:
- Monitoring: Hyperlinks to institutions involved in regional monitoring and prediction of fire and smoke haze
- Haze News: ASEAN Transboundary Haze Update (updated daily)
- Intranet: Information and possible participation in the ASEAN Haze Action Online Intranet Information Services (for associated registered participants)
- Mobilization Plan: Model Fire Suppression Mobilization Plan
- Inventory: Inventory and analysis of forest and land fire suppression capabilities
- Haze Forum: Communication platform on fire and smoke-haze issues in the ASEAN region
- Calendar: Fire and haze-related events can be identified by a search modus
- Media Highlights on Fire, Policies, and Politics
