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Bibliography: Fire Ecology in Central Europe


Bibliography on the Use of Fire in Nature Conservation

The GFMC has published a number of papers that were presented at a scientific workshop on fire ecology and fire management in nature conservation areas and in landscape management in Germany, hosted by the Alfred Toepfer Akademie für Naturschutz, Schneverdingen, Germany, October 1996. This first scientific discussion after a break of nearly ten years brought together scientists and practitioners from heathlands, agriculture, pastoralism and forestry in Germany and neighbouring countries. The contributions cover the most important fire ecological and historical aspects of land-use fires in Central, Western and Northern Europe. The conclusions of most papers revealed that it was timely to reconsider traditional burning practices for restoring and/or maintaining those habitats and landscape types which are endangered by the lack of land-use disturbances, including fire, and the subsequent succession towards less species-rich ecosystems.

The bibliographic reference of the proceedings of the workshop (in German) is:

Alfred Toepfer Akademie für Naturschutz (ed.) 1997. Feuereinsatz im Naturschutz. Alfred Toepfer Akademie für Naturschutz, Schneverdingen. NNA-Berichte 10 (5), 181 p. <in German> (ISSN 09 35-1450).
The publication can be ordered via Internet:
http://nna.de/publikationen/b97-5-feueroekologie.htm

Several papers on the history and use of fire in nature conservation and landscape management in Central Europe are provided on the website of the European Fire in Nature Conservation Network. An extensive bibliography is given below:

1. General Literature (including German papers about fire ecology outside Europe)

2. Fire in the Historic Cultural Landscape and Fire History

3. Flora

4. Fauna

5. Soil and Climate

6. Forests (not including fire prevention and fire fighting)

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Fire Management Guidelines

GFMC Fire Management Guidelines

These Fire ManagementGuidelines have been prepared or published by the Global Fire Monitoring Center(GFMC) and its partners:

Wildland Fire Management Handbook for Sub-Sahara Africa

This is the latest GFMC publication, prepared by a consortium of 43 contributing authors. The 432-pages volume is available for a subsidized price for the African market.

Reference:

Goldammer, J.G., and C.de Ronde (eds.). 2004. Wildland Fire Management Handbook for Sub-Sahara Africa. Global Fire Management Center and Oneworldbooks, Freiburg – Cape Town, 432 p. (ISBN 1- 919833-65-X).

Book orders:

FAO Guidelines on Fire Management in Temperate and Boreal Forests

Together with a team of experts working under the overall coordination of the Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC) members from the ECE/FAO Team of Specialists on Forest Fire and associated experts from Canada, South Africa, Russian Federation and the United States of America contributed to the development of the guidelines.

Reference:

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2002. Guidelines on Fire Management in Temperate and Boreal Forests. Forest Protection Working Papers, Working Paper FP/1/E. Forest Resources Development Service, Forest Resources Division. FAO, Rome

Online Publication:

Health Guidelines for Vegetation Fire Events

At three major planning meetings the GFMC supported the WHO to prepare guidelines together with a volume with background papers and a teacher’s guide. The volumes aim at contributing to prevent and manage disasters caused by smoke from vegetation fires and to mitigate their effects on human health:

References:

Schwela, D.H., J.G. Goldammer, L.H. Morawska, and O. Simpson. 1999. Health Guidelines for Vegetation Fire Events. Guideline document. Published on behalf of UNEP, WHO, and WMO. Institute of Environmental Epidemiology, Ministry of the Environment, Singapore. Double Six Press, Singapore, 291 p.

Goh, K.T., D.H. Schwela, J.G. Goldammer, and O. Simpson. 1999. Health Guidelines for Vegetation Fire Events. Background Papers. Published on behalf of UNEP, WHO, and WMO. Institute of Environmental Epidemiology, Ministry of the Environment, Singapore. Namic Printers, Singapore, 498 p.

Schwela, D.H., L.H. Morawska, and Abu Bakar bin Jafar. 1999. Health Guidelines for Vegetation Fire Events. Teachers’ Guide. Published on behalf of UNEP, WHO, and WMO. Institute of Environmental Epidemiology, Ministry of the Environment, Singapore. Double Six Press, Singapore, 114 p.

Online Publication:

ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management in Tropical Forests

The sixth publication in the ITTO Policy Development Series aims to provide practical assistance to member countries as they address issues and develop fire management principles to ensure the protection and sustainable management of tropical forests. The guidelines were drafted under the lead of the GFMC in 1994 and finalized by a group of experts in 1996.

Reference:

International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). 1997. ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management in Tropical Forests. ITTO Policy Development Series No.6. ITTO, Yokohama, 40 p.

Online Publication:

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Statistics and Dynamics

 

Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia

Statistics and Dynamics 

Cahoon, D.R., J.S. Levine, W.R. Cofer III, P. Minnis, J.E. Miller, G.M. Tennile, T.W. Yip, P.W. Heck, and B.J. Stocks. 1991. The Great Chinese Fire of 1987: a view from space. In: Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications (J.S.Levine, ed.), pp. 61-66, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Cahoon, D.R., B.J. Stocks, J.S. Levine, W.R. Cofer III, and C.C. Chung. 1992. Evaluation of a technique for satellite-derived area estimation of forest fires. J. Geophys. Res. 97 (D4), 3805-3814.

Cahoon, D.R., B.J. Stocks, J.S. Levine, W.R. Cofer III, and J.M. Pierson. 1994a. Satellite analysis of the severe 1987 forest fires in northern China and southeastern Siberia. J. Geophys. Res. 99(D9), 18627-18638.

Cahoon, D.R., J.S. Levine, W.R. Cofer, and B.J. Stocks. 1994b. The extent of burning in African savannas. Adv. Space Res. 14(11), 447-454.

Dixon, R.K., and O.N. Krankina. 1993. Forest fires in Russia: carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Can. J. For. Res. 23, 700-705.

Forestry Canada Fire Danger Group. 1992. Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Behavior Prediction System. For. Can., Ottawa, Ont., Inf. Rep. ST-X-3, 49 pp. + Appendices.

Heinselman, M.L. 1981. Fire intensity and frequency as factors in the distribution and structure of northern ecosystems. In: Fire Regimes and Ecosystem Properties (H. Mooney, J.M. Bonnicksen, N.L. Christensen, J.E. Lotan and W.A. Reiners, eds.), pp. 7-57, USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-26, Washington, DC.

Korovin, G.N. 1996. Analysis of the Distribution of Forest Fires in Russia (this volume).

Korovin, G.N. et al. 1984. Analysing and modeling the static structure of the field of forest burning-L.:LenNIILKH. 64 pp. <in Russian>.

Korchagin, A.A. 1954. Conditions of forest fire occurrence and wildfires burning of the European North. LGU scientific writings. The Geographical Science 9, 182-322 <in Russian>.

Kurbatsky, N.P. 1962. The techniques and the tactics of forest fire fighting. Goslessbymisdat, Moscow <in Russian>.

Kurbatsky, N.P., and E.N. Valendik. 1974. On past experience. J. Forestry (Lesnoye khozyaistvo) No.3, 65-67 <in Russian>.

Kurbatsky, N.P., and M.A. Sheshukov. 1978. Forest fires in Khabarovsk Territory. J. Forestry (Lesnoye khozyaistvo) No.4, 78-83 <in Russian>.

Melekhov, I.S. 1946. The fires seasons and construction of a geographical scheme of the forest fires zones. Archangelsk Forestry Institute Scientific Publications VIII, 1-15. Archangelsk <in Russian>.

Mokeev G.A. 1961. Fire danger zones and the time of more powerful development of forest fires. Forestry No. 8, 53-57 <in Russian>.

Nesterov, V.G. 1949. Combustibility of the forest and methods for its determination. USSR State Industry Press.

Pokrivailo, V.D. et al. 1984. Organization and using of the forest fire data banks on the base of IBM-ES-1020. L.:LenNIILKH. 60p.

Shostakovich, V.B. 1924. 1915 forest fires in Siberia. News from West Siberian Department of Russian Geographers Society (Izvestia Vostochno-Sibirskogo otdela russkogo geograficheskogo obshestva) Vol. 47. Irkutsk, p.1-9 <in Russian>.

Shostakovich, V.B. 1925. Forest conflagrations in Siberia. J. For. 23, 365-371.

Stocks, B.J. 1991. The extent and impact of forest fires in northern circumpolar countries. In: Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications (J.S. Levine, ed.), pp.197-202, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Stocks, B.J. 1993. Global warming and forest fires in Canada. For. Chron. 69, 290-293.

Stocks, B.J., and T.J. Lynham. 1996. Fire weather climatology in Canada and Russia (this volume).

Van Wagner, C.E. 1987. Development and structure of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. Can. For. Serv., Ottawa, Ont., For. Tech. Rep. 35. 37pp.

 

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GFMC: Fire Management Glossaries

GFMC: Fire ManagementGlossaries

FAO / GFMC Wildland Fire Management Terminology

In 1999 the Global Fire Monitoring Center was entrusted by the FAO to develop an update of the 1986 version of the FAO Wildland Fire Management Terminology. The revised version with English definitions and partial translation to French, Spanish, and German (see: editorial remarks) is now available (December 2003):

Enter search string:  
Select language to search in: English  German   Spanish  French

Show complete glossary

 

Other Online Fire Terminologies

Glossary of Wildland Fire Terminology (US National Wildfire Coordination Group, Incident Command System Working Team, published in 1996) (Adobe Acrobat Reader required)

A Guide for Prescribed Fire in Southern Forests, containing a glossary with terms frequently used in prescribed fire (Florida Division of Forestry, Forest Protection Bureau)

Tall Timbers Research Station (Florida, USA) offers a thesaurus used to describe the topics of the citations in the Tall Timbers “E.V. Komarek Fire Ecology Database”

The Forest Fire Control Division, Department for National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conversation, Thailand, provides a Thai-English Wildland Fire Terminology
http://www.dnp.go.th/forestfire/FIRESCIENCE/scince.htm

The Southwest Area Type I Incident Management Team provides a user-friendly version (selected terms) of the US National Wildfire Coordination Group Wildland Fire Terminology
http://fireteam-sw.com/whitney/cavecreek/def_wildlandfire.html

Other online environmental glossaries, dictionaries and encyclopedias

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Geographical Analysis

 

Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia

Geographical Analysis

Agee, J.K. 1996. Pines and fire. Community-level perspectives. In: Ecology and biogeography of Pinus (D.M.Richardson, ed.). Cambridge University Press

Alisov, B.P. 1956. The Climate of the USSR. Moscow University Publ. <in Russian>.

Arefjeva, Z.N. 1963. Influence of fire on some biochemical processes in forest soil. In: Proc. of the Institute of Biology Vol. 36, 39-55. Ural Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Sverdlovsk <in Russian>.

Armand, D.A. 1975. Landscape science. Moscow, Mysl Publ., 288 pp.

Bazilevich, N.I. and L.V. Rodin. 1971. Productivity and element cycling in natural and planted phytocoenoses. Biological Productivity and Element Cycling in Vegetation Communities. Leningrad <in Russian>.

Beaufait, W.R. 1960. Some effects of high temperatures on the cones and seeds of jack pine. For. Sci. 6, 194-199.

Bekh, I.A. 1974. Pinus sibirica stands of southern Trans-Baikal region. Nauka Publ. Novosibirsk. 212 pp. <in Russian>.

Bekh, I.A. and I.V. Taran. 1979. Siberian miraculous tree. Nauka Publ. Novosibirsk. 126 pp. <in Russian>.

Booysen, P.de V., and N.M. Tainton (eds.) 1984. Ecological effects of fire in South African ecosystems. Ecological Studies 48, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 426 pp.

Buzykin, A.I., and E.P. Popova. 1978. Influence of fires on forest phytocenoses and properties of soil. In: Productivity of pine forests, pp. 5-44. Nauka, Moscow <in Russian>.

Cayford, J.H., and D.J. McRae. 1983. The ecological role of fire in jack pine forests. In: The role of fire in northern circumpolar ecosystems (R.W.Wein and D.A.MacLean, eds.), 183-199. SCOPE-18, John Wiley, Chichester, 322 pp.

Chandler, C., P. Cheney, P. Thomas, L. Trabaud, and D. Williams. 1983. Fire in forestry. Vols.III. John Wiley, New York, 450 & 298 pp.

Chizhov, B.E., and N.S. Sannikova. 1978. Fire resistance of plants in herbaceous-undershrub layer in pine forests of the Transurals. Lesovedenie No. 5, 68-76 <in Russian>.

Chudnikov, P.I. 1931. Influence of fires on regeneration of Urals forests. Selkolchozgiz, Moscow-Leningrad, 160 pp. <in Russian>.

Clements, F.E. 1905. Research methods in ecology. University Publ. Co., Lincoln, Nebraska, 334 pp.

Clements, F.E. 1910. The life history of lodgepole forests. U.S. Forest Serv. Paper No. 79, Washington, 96 pp.

Clements, F.E. 1916. Plant succession: an analysis of the development of vegetation. Carnegie Inst. Publ. 242, Washington, 512 pp.

Crutzen, P.J., and J.G.Goldammer (eds.) 1993. Fire in the environment: The ecological, atmospheric, andclimatic importance of vegetation fires. Dahlem Workshop Reports. Environmental Sciences Research Report 13. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 400 p.

Danilov, D.N. 1952. Periodicity of conifer seed production and geographical distribution of the seeds. Goslesbumizdat. 58 pp. <in Russian>.

Deeming, J.E., J.W. Lancaster, M.A. Fosberg, R.W. Furman, and M.J. Schroeder. 1972. The National Fire Danger Rating System. USDA For. Ser. Paper RM-84, 165 pp.

Evdokimenko, M. 1984. Vliyanie lesnykh pozharov na productivnost drevostoev. In: Productivnost lesnykh phitotsenozov, pp. 56-65. [Effect of forest fires on productivity of trees.] Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Evdokimenko, M. 1989. Rol pirogennogo factora v productivnosti drevostoev. In: Factory productivnosti lesa, pp. 53-90. [Role of pyrogenic factors in tree productivity.] Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Falaleyev E.N. 1964. Fir forests of Siberia and their complex use. M. Lesprom., 166 pp. <in Russian>.

Filippov, A.V. 1977. Thermal regime of fires burning through understory and brush layer. In: Combustion in Heterogenic and Gas Systems, p.33-36. Chernogolovka <in Russian>.

FIRESCAN Science Team. 1996. Fire in ecosystems of boreal Eurasia: The Bor Forest Island Fire Experiment, Fire Research Campaign Asia-North (FIRESCAN). In: Biomass burning and global change (J.S.Levine, ed.). The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA (in press).

Fox, J.F. 1983. Post-fire succession of small-mammal and bird communities. In: The role of fire in northern circumpolar ecosystems (R.W.Wein and D.A.MacLean, eds.), 155-180. SCOPE-18, Wiley, Chichester, 322 pp.

Furyaev, V.V. 1966. Control Burning of gipsy moth-affected forest areas. Nauka. Moscow. 80pp. <inRussian>.

Furyaev, V.V. 1970a. Fires in taiga forest of Ket-Chulym interfluve. In: Problems of Forest Pyrology (Problemy lesnoy pirologii), pp.273-330. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Furyaev, V.V. 1970b. The influence of ground water level on the flammability of bogged forests of Ket-Chulym interfluve. In: Problems of Forest Pyrology (Voprsy lesnoy pirologii), pp.155-186. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Furyaev, V.V. 1978. Forest fires as an ecological factor of taiga formation. Forestry Problems in Siberia 4, 210-218. Nauka, Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Furyaev, V.V. and D.M. Kireyev. 1979. Landscape approach in the study of post fire forest dynamics. Nauka. Novosibirsk. 160 pp. <in Russian>.

Furyaev, V.V., and D.M Kireev. 1979. Study of post-fire dynamics of forests on a landscape basis. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 160 pp. <in Russian>.

Furyaev, V.V. 1988. Forest fire effect analysis in estimating forest formation process. Sylviculture (Lesovedenie) No.1, 59-66 <in Russian>.

Gill, A.M. 1981. Adaptive responses of Australian vascular plant species to fires. In: Fire and the Australian biota (A.M.Gill, R.H.Groves, and I.R.Noble, eds.), 243-272. Austral. Acad. Sci., Canberra, 582 pp.

Goldammer, J.G. 1979. Der Einsatz von kontrolliertem Feuer im Forstschutz. Allg. Forst- u. J. Ztg. 150, 41-44.

Goldammer, J.G. 1983. Sicherung des südbrasilianischen Kiefernanbaues durch kontrolliertes Brennen. Hochschul-Verlag Freiburg, Forstwiss. Bd. 4, 183 pp.

Goldammer, J.G. (ed.). 1990. Fire in the tropical biota. Ecosystem processes and global challenges. Ecological Studies 84. Berlin-New York, Springer-Verlag, 497 pp.

Goldammer, J.G. 1993. Feuer in Waldökosystemen der Tropen und Subtropen. Birkhäuser-Verlag, Basel-Boston, 251 pp.

Goldammer, J.G., and S.R.Peñafiel. 1990. Fire in the pine-grassland biomes of tropical and subtropcal Asia. In: Fire in the tropical biota. Ecosystem processes and global challenges (J.G.Goldammer, ed.), 45-62. Ecological Studies 84, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, 497 pp.

Goldammer, J.G., and M.J. Jenkins (eds.) 1990. Fire in ecosystem dynamics. Mediterranean and northern perspectives. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, 199 pp.

Goldammer, J.G., and X. Di. 1990. Fire and Forest development in the Daxingangling montane-boreal coniferous forest, Heilongjiang, Northeast China – a preliminary model. In: Fire in ecosystem dynamics: Mediterranean and northern perspectives (J.G.Goldammer and M.J.Jenkins, eds.), 175-184. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, 199 pp.

Gorbachev, V.N., V.K. Dmitrienko, E.P. Popova, E.P., et al. 1982. Soil-ecological investigations in forest biogeocenoses. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 185 pp. <in Russian>.

Gusev, N.N. 1967. Growth of Larix sibirica stands in the southern part of Central Siberia. In: Growth of the major forest forming woody species of the USSR, 139-140. Lesnaya Promyshlennost Publ., Moscow <in Russian>.

Gwynar, L.C. 1978. Recent history of fire and vegetation from laminated sediment of Greenleaf Lake, Algonquin Park, Ontario. Can. J. Bot. 56 (1), 10-21.

Heinselman, M.L. 1973. Fire in virgin forests of the Boundary Water Canoe Area, Minnesota. Quat. Res. 3, 329-382.

Hesselman, H. 1916. Om vara skogforyngringsatgardens inverkan pa salpeterbildningen i marken och dess betydelse for barrskogens foryngring. Medd. Stat. Skogsforsoksanst. Vol.2 (13), 923-1076.

Iroshnikov, A.I., V.F. Lebkov, and Yu.S.Tcherednikov. 1963. Nut production of P.sibirica stands of Lena-Ilim interfluve. In: Nut Production of Pinus sibirica in Eastern Siberia. Transactions of Institute of Forest Sib. Br. Russ. Acad. Sci. Vol.62, 34-75. Moscow <in Russian>.

Isaev, A.S., and G.I. Girs. 1975. Interaction of tree and insect-xylophages. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 344 pp. <in Russian>.

Ignatenko, I.V., I.I. Kotlyarov, A.I. Nesterenko and A.A. Pugachev. 1976. The total amount and structure of organic matter in Pinus pumila thickets of the Okhotsk sea shore. In: Biology and Productivity of the Vegetation Cover of North East, p.138-158. USSR Acad. Sci. DVNC Publ. Vladivostok <in Russian>.

Kalashnikov, E.N. 1987. Forest landscape investigation using methods of remote sensing (Angara-Yenisei region case study). In: Forest Investigation With Aero-Space Methods (Issledovanie lesov aerokosmicheskimi metodami), pp.10-34. Nauka Publ. Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Karyakin, V.P., and A.S. Sheingauz. 1988. The urgency of the problems related to effective natural resource use. Geography and Natural Resources 3, 14-21 <in Russian>.

Khrenova, G.S. 1963. Influence of fire on the microflora of forest soils in Pripyshminsk bors of Transurals. In: Soils and hydrological regime in forest of Urals, Proc. Inst. Biol., Ural Branch, Acad. Sci. USSR, Sverdlovsk, Vol. 36, 151-163 <in Russian>.

Kimmins, J.P. 1987. Forest ecology. Macmillan, New York, 531 pp.

Kireyev, D.M. 1976. Principles of natural landscape complex imagery analysis. In; Landscape Method for Forest Estimation Based on Areal Image Analysis (Landshaftny metod deshfrirovania lesov po aerfotosnimkam), pp.45-72. Nauka <in Russian>.

Kireyev, D.M. 1979a. Taiga forest landscape structure and methods of remote sensing for its study. In: Investigation of Taiga Landscapes Using Methods of Remote Sensing (Issledovanie tayeznih landshaftov distancionnymi metodami), pp.3-38. Nauka. Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Kireyev, D.M. 1979b. Morphological landscape structure. In: Landscape Approach to Post Fire Forest Dynamics Investigation (Izuchenie poslepozharnoy dinamiki lesov na landshaftnoy osnove), pp.54-67. Nauka. Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Kireyev, D.M. 1986. Landscapes of the southern part of Central Siberia and their identification in space images. In: Methods of Remote Sensing for Natural Resource Estimation in Siberia (Distancionnie issledovania prirodnyh resursov Sibiri), pp.147-170. Nauka. Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Klötzli, F. 1975. Ökologische Besonderheiten Pinus-reicher Waldgesellschaften. Schweiz. Z. Forstw. 126, 672-711.

Kolesnikov, B.P. 1955. Vegetation cover zoning in the Far East and problems of forest replanting and protective forest belt formation. In: Problems of forestry and wood industry Development in the Far East, p.81. USSR Acad. Sci. Publ. Moscow-Leningrad <in Russian>.

Kolesnikov, B.P. and E.P. Smolonogov. 1960. Some trends of the regeneration dynamics of Siberian pine forests of Trans-Ural-Ob region. In: Problems with Pinus sibirica. Forestry in Siberia (Trudy po lesnomu hozaistvu Sibiri), Vol.6, pp.21-31. USSR Acad. Sci. Publ. Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Kolesnikov, B.P. 1968. On the classification of forest cover dynamics forms. In: Materials on Vegetation Cover Dynamics, pp. 33-36. Vladimir Teaching College <in Russian>.

Kolesnikov, B.P., N.S. Sannikova, and S.N. Sannikov. 1973. Effect of surface fire on the structure and regeneration of tree species in bilberry and cowberry-bilberry pine forests. In: Burning and fires in forest. Sib. Div. Acad. Sci. USSR, 301-321 <in Russian>.

Kolström; T., and S. Kellomäki. 1993. Tree survival in wildfires. Silva Fennica 27, 277-281.

Komarek, E.V. 1969. Fire and animal behaviour. In: Proc. Ann. Tall Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf. 9, 161-241. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida.

Komarova, T.A. 1986. Seed regeneration of plants on the latest burns (Forests of South Sikhote-Alin). Far-Eastern Sci. Centre of Acad.Sci USSR, Vladivostok, 224 pp. <in Russian>.

Komin, G.E. 1982. Regeneration succession in uneven-aged forests and possibilities for its prediction. Silviculture (Lesovedenie) No.4, 49-54 <in Russian>.

Korchagin, A.A. 1954. Effect of fires on the vegetation and its regeneration on after fire in European North. Proc. Biol. Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR, Geobot. Ser. 3, Vol. 9, 75-148. <in Russian>.

Korshinsky, S.I. 1982. Report on studies of Amur region as as a land use area. Reports of the East-Siberian Branch of Russian Geographers Society 23 (4-5), 73-138 <in Russian>.

Kotelnikov, A.M., and V.F. Rylkov. 1987a. Problems of forest management in the Udokan forest exploitation area. In: Economical and Geographical Problems of Exploitation, 87-95. Nauka Publ. Novosibirsk <in Russian>.

Kotelnikov, A.M., and V.F. Rylkov. 1987b. Problems of forest resource use and improvement of industrial complexes. In: Geographical Aspects of Economy Policy in Chita Region. Western Trans-Baikal Branch of the USSR Geographers Society, Vol.120, 61-70 <in Russian>.

Kotelnikov, A.M., and V.F. Rylkov. 1986. Ecological role of forest in mountainous parts of the Baikal-Amur Railway zone and problems of forest exploitation and protection (a case study in Udokan forest resource exploitation area). In: Abstracts of Reports Presented at the All-Union Conference on Ecological Role of Mountain Forests, 19-21 August 1986, 127-129 <in Russian>.

Kozlowski, T.T., and C.E. Ahlgren (eds.) 1974. Fire and ecosystems. Acad. Press, New York, 542 pp.

Krasheninnikov, S.I. 1949. Description of Kamchatka area. Glavcevmorput, Moscow-Leningrad, 7 pp. <in Russian>.

Kruklis, M.V., and L.V. Milyutin. 1977. Larix czekanowskii. Nauka Publ. Moscow. 212pp. <in Russian>.

Kuhnholtz-Lordat, G. 1939. La terre incendiée. Edit. Mais. Carrée, Nimes, 361 pp.

Kuleshova, L.V. 1981. Ecological and zoogeographical aspects of influence of fire on the forest birds and mammals. Zool. J. 40 (10), 1542-1553 <in Russian>.

Kruychkov, V. 1973. Kraini Sever problemy ratsionalnogo ispolzovaniya prirodnykh resursov. [The far north: On the problem of rational use of natural resources.] Moscow, 182 pp. <in Russian>.

Kurbatski, N.P. 1963. Fire danger of forest and rating of it using local scales. In: Forest fires and fire control, pp.5-38. USSR Sci. Acad. Publishing Office, Moscow <in Russian>.

Kurbatski, N.P. 1972. The terminology of forest pyrology. In: Problems of Forest Pyrology, pp. 171-231. Sukachev Institute for Forest and Wood, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Le Houérou, H.N. 1974. Fire and vegetation in the Mediterranean Basin. In: Proc. Ann. Tall Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf. 13, 237-277. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida.

Lutz, H.I. 1956. Ecological effects of forest fires in the interior of Alaska. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 1133, 121 pp., Washington.

Malychev, L.I. 1957. Influence of fires on the forests of Northern Baikal. Proc. East. Sib. Div. Acad. Sci. USSR, Biol. Ser., 43-53 <in Russian>.

Manko, Yu.I. 1987. Abies ajanskii. Nauka, Leningrad. 280 pp. <in Russian>.

Melekhov, I.S. 1944. On theoretical basis of forest pyrology. Forestry and Technical Institute, Arkhangelsk, 19 pp <in Russian>.

Melekhov, I.S. 1948. Effect of fires on forest. Goslestekhisdat, Moscow-Leningrad, 127 pp. <in Russian>.

Melekhov, I.S. 1965. Forest pyrology and its problems. In: Modern problems of fire prevention and suppression. Lesn. Prom., Moscow, 5-25 <in Russian>.

Melekhov, I. 1980. Lesovedenie. Moscow, 405 pp <in Russian>.

Middendorf, A. 1860. Travelling in the North and East of Siberia. Part 1. North and East of Siberia; Natural and Historical Aspects. St. Petersburg, 812 pp.

Molchanov, A.A., and I.F. Preobrazhenski. 1957. Forests and forestry in Arkhangelsk district. IZD, AN SSSR, Moskow, 238 pp. <in Russian>.

Moreno, J.M., and W.C. Oechel. 1994. The role of fire in Mediterranean-type ecosystems. Ecological Studies 107, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 201 pp.

Mount, A.B. 1969. Eucalypt ecology as related to fire. Proc. Ann. Tall. Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf. 9, 75-109. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida.

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Novgorodov, V.D., L.G. Smolnikova, and A.I. Zakharov. 1982. Method of exposure of fire danger on the locality. VNIIGPE, author’s certif. USSR, cl. A 62 C 3 02, N 902763, Bull. No. 5., Moscow <in Russian>.

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Pobedinsky, A.V. 1991. Forestry assessment of the replacement of climax taiga forest species by secondary ones. Lesnoe khozyaistvo (J. Forest Management) No.11, 19-22 <in Russian>.

Polikarpov, N.P. 1966. Mountain forests of Siberia and scientific approaches to their management. Krasnoyarsk. 35 pp. <in Russian>.

Popov, L.V. 1982. Southern taiga forests of Central Siberia. Irkutsk University Publ. 360 pp. <in Russian>.

Pravdin, L.F. 1963. Natural regeneration of pine and larch in Buryatia. Transactions Inst. For. Sib. Br. Russ. Acad. Sci. Vol. 57, 27-41. Krasnoyarsk, Moscow <in Russian>.

Reimers, N.F. and L.I. Malyshev. 1963. Forest disturbance in Central Siberia. In: Seasonal and Secular (100-year period) Dynamics of the Environment in Siberia (Sezonnaia i vekovaya dinamika prirody Sibiri), pp.74-105. Irkutsk <in Russian>.

Popova, E.P. 1979. On the duration of pyrogenical effect on the forest soil properties. In: Burning and fires in forest, 110-116. Inst. Forest and Wood., Sib. Div. Acad. Sci. USSR, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Pozdnyakov, L. 1975. Daurskaya listvennitsa [Dahurian larch.] Moscow, 312 pp. <in Russian>.

Pushkina, N.M. 1960. Natural regeneration of vegetation on burned forests. Proc. State National Park, Lappland, No. 4, 5-125 <in Russian>.

Pyavchenko, N.I. 1952. Causes of soil swamping on forest burns. LesnoeKhozyaistvo, No.12, 39-40 <in Russian>.

Pyavchenko, N.I. 1958. Peat bogs of the Russian forest-steppe. Inst. Forest, Acad. Sci. USSR, Moscow, 191 pp. <in Russian>.

Pyne, S.J. 1995. World fire. Henry Holt, New York, 379 pp.

Rabotnov, T.A. 1978. Significance of pyrogenic factors in formation of vegetation cover. Bot. J. 63 (11), 1605-1611 <in Russian>.

Rego, F., and E. Rigolot. 1990. Heat transfer through bark – a simple predictive model. In: Fire in ecosystem dynamics. Mediterranean and northern perspectives (J.G. Goldammer and M.J. Jenkins, eds.), 157-162. SPB Academic Publishing, The Hague, 199 pp.

Remezov, N.P. 1941. Ammonification and nitrification in forest soils. In: Investigations about forest soil science, Vol.1, 43-57. All-Union Research Inst. Forestry, Pushkino <in Russian>.

Rowe, J.S., and G.W. Scotter. 1973. Fire in the boreal forest. Quat. Res. 3, 444-464.

Rylkov, V.F. 1975. Peculiarities of conifer regenerationin cut areas in the mountain-taiga and forest-steppe zones of southern and Eastern Trans-Baikal Region. Scope of Scientific Papers of Moscow Forest Management Institute (MLTI), Vol.68, 33-46 <in Russian>.

Rylkov, V.F. 1991a. Justification of the amount of forest cultivation activities. Information Sheet, Chita Inter-Industry Science Center No.7. 4 pp. <in Russian>.

Rylkov, V.F. 1991b. A treatment of Pinus sibirica regrowth under birch canopy. Author Certificate No. 1639507 <in Russian>.

Rylkov, V.F., and V.B. Gerasimov. 1987. Man-enhanced larch stand regeneration using the method of B.nana restoration. Information Sheet of Chita Inter-Industry Science Center No.96. 4 pp. <in Russian>.

Rylkov, V.F., and V.B. Gerasimov. 1988. A technology for climax larch-B.nana forest type restoration. In: Problems of Forest Resource Exploitation in Trans-Baikal Region. Western Trans-Baikal Branch, USSR Geographers Society, Vol.122, 39-40. Chita <in Russian>.

Sannikov, S.N. 1965. Ecological characteristic features of main types of the microenvironment of natural regeneration of pine on clearcuts. Proc. Inst. of Biol., Ural Branch, Acad. Sci. USSR No. 43, 231-242. Sverdlovsk <in Russian>.

Sannikov, S.N. 1973. Forest fires as evolutionary and ecological factor of regeneration of pine populations in Transurals. In: Burning and fires in forest, 236-277. Inst. Forest and Wood, Sib. Div. Acad. Sci. USSR, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Sannikov, S.N. 1976. Age biology of common pine in Transurals. In: Restoration and age dynamics of forests on the Ural and in Transurals. Proc. Inst. Biol., Ural Branch, Acad. Sci. USSR, No. 101, 124-165. Sverdlovsk <in Russian>.

Sannikov, S.N. 1981. Forest fires as a factor of the transformation of the structure, regeneration, and evolution of biogeocenoses. Ekologiya No. 6, 23-33 <in Russian>.

Sannikov, S.N. 1983. Cyclically erosional-pyrogenic theory of the natural regeneration of common pine. Ekologiya No.1, 10-20 <in Russian>.

Sannikov, S.N. 1984. Evolutionary pyroecology: problems, principles, hypotheses. Burning and fires in forest. Thes. of Rep. Interrepubl. Conf., 35-37. Inst. Forest and Wood, Sib. Div. Acad. Sci. USSR, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Sannikov, S.N. 1985. Hypothesis of pulsed pyrogenic stability of pine forests. Ekologiya, No.2, 13-20. (in Russian>.

Sannikov, S.N. 1991. Impulsed stability and microevolution of populations. In: Ecology of populations. Nauka, Moscow <in Russian>.

Sannikov, S.N. 1992. Ecology and geography of natural regeneration of common pine. Nauka, Moscow, 264 pp. <in Russian>.

Sannikov S.N. 1994. Evolutionary pyroecology and pyrogeography of the natural regeneration of Scotch pine. In: Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. Forest Fire Research, Vol.II, pp.961-968. Coimbra.

Sannikov, S.N., and N.S. Sannikova. 1985. Ecology of pine regeneration under forest canopy. Nauka, Moscow, 149 pp. <in Russian>.

Sannikova, N.S. 1977. The surface fire as a factor of appearance, survival and growth of pine seedlings. In: Detection and analysis of forest fires, 110-128. Sib. Div. of Acad. Sci. USSR, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Sapozhnikov, A.P. 1976. The role of fire in formation of forest soils. Ekologiya, No.1, 42-46 <in Russian>.

Sarvas, R. 1937. Über natürliche Bewaldung der Waldbrandflächen: Eine waldbiologische Untersuchung auf trockenen Heideböden Nord-Finnlands. Acta Forest. Fenn. 46 (1), 73-76.

Sherbakov, I.P., O.F. Zabelin, and B.A. Karpel. 1979. Forest fires in Yakutya and their influence on the forest nature. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 224 pp. <in Russian>.

Sheshukov, M. 1978. Vliyanie pozharov na razvitie taezhnykh biogeotsenozov. In: Gorenie i pozhary v lesu, pp. 99-100. [Effect of fires in development of taiga biogeocoenoses.] Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Sheshukov, M. 1984. Pirogenez-vazhneishii factor formirovaniya lesov. In: Gorenie i pozhary v lesu. [Pyrogenic-Important factor in formation of forests.] Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Sheshukov, M. et al. 1992. Lesnye pozhary i borba s nimi na Severe Dalnego Vostoka. [Forest fires and their control in the northern Far East.] Khabarovsk. 94 pp. <in Russian>.

Scotter, G.W. 1972. Fire as an ecological factor in boreal forest ecosystems of Canada. In: Fire in the environment, Symp. Proc., 15-24. USDA For. Serv. Publ. FS-276, Denver, Colorado.

Shanin, S.S. 1965. The structure of pine and larch tree stands in Siberia. Lesnaja promyshlennost, Moscow, 106 pp. <in Russian>.

Sheingauz, A.S. 1986. Methodical recommendations for analyzing forest area dynamics. DalNIILH, Khabarovsk, 41 pp. <in Russian>.

Sheingauz, A.S. 1976. Forest recourse dynamics classification (an example of the Far East). Forestry 6, 11-20 <in Russian>.

Sheingauz, A.S. 1979. Methods for evaluating actual area rate of burning using forest inventory data. Combustion and Fires in the Forest. In: Proc. All-Union Scientific Meeting. Part 3: Forest Fires and Their Effects, pp. 66-69. Inst. Forest. Sib. Br. Russ. Acad. Sci., Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Sheshukov, M.A, P. Savchenko, and V.V. Peshkov. 1992. Forest fires and their control in the north of the Far East. Khabarovsk. 96 pp. <in Russian>.

Sirén, G. 1955. The development of spruce forest on raw humus sites in Northern Finnland and its ecology. Acta Forest. Fenn. 62, 1-408.

Sirén, G. 1974. Some remarks on fire ecology in Finnish forestry. Proc. Ann. Tall. Timbers Fire Ecol. Conf. 13, 191-209. Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, Florida.

Smirnov, A.V. 1970. Change of components of forest vegetation of South Central Siberia under impacts of anthropogenic factors. Author’s abstract of doctoral dissertation. Krasnoyarsk, 48 pp. <in Russian>.

Snytkin, G.V. 1968. Vegetative residue and surface cover fuel loads in forests of the Kolyma river basin. Botanical Journal 53, 689-692 <in Russian>.

Snytkin, G.V. 1971. Fire danger rating in in forest of the far North East. J. Forest Management No.4, 67-69 <in Russian>.

Snytkin, G.V. 1972. Fire danger in high mountain forests of the Kolima river basin. Forest Journal No.2, 159-160 <in Russian>.

Snytkin, G.V. 1973a. Primary productivity of Pinus pumila thickets in the Okhotsk sea costal zone. In: Topological aspects of studying behavior of substances in geosystems, p.151-153. Irkutsk <in Russian>.

Snytkin, G.V. 1973b. On primary productivity of forest communities in the far North East. In: Investigation of the taiga biota (problems and prospects), p.93-99. Proc. V Meeting of the Board of Scientists on Complex Management of Taiga Areas. Irkutsk <in Russian>.

Snytkin, G.V. 1974. The reasons of large fires in Magadan region and method of their control. Biological Problems of the North, Issue 5, p.168-172. Magadan <in Russian>.

Sofronov, M.A. 1970. On assessment of forest fires damage. In: Voprosy lesnoi pyrologiyi, pp. 354-366. Sukachev Institute for Forest and Wood, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Sofronov, M.A. 1979. Pyrological zoning principles. In: Prediction of Forest Fires, pp. 108-122. Sukachev Institute for Forest and Wood, Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Sofronov, M.A. and A.V. Volokitina. 1990. Pyrological zoning of taiga areas. Nauka, Novosibirsk, 204 pp. <in Russian>.

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Starikov, G.F. 1958. Forests of Magadan Region. Magadan, 221 pp. <in Russian>.

Sushkina, N.N. 1931. A contribution to microbiology of forest soils in connection with the effect of fire on them. In: Studies in forestry, 137-169. Selkhozgiz, Moscow-Leningrad <in Russian>.

Swain, A.M. 1973. A history of fire and vegetation in Northeastern Minnesota as recorded in lake sediments. Quat. Res. 3, 383-396.

Telitsyn, G.P. 1988. Forest fires, prevention and control in Khabarovsk Territory. Khabarovsk. 96 pp. <in Russian>.

Tikhomirov, B.A. 1933. Fires in Pinus pumila thickets of Penzhin region. Botanical Journal 18 (6), 28 <in Russian>.

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Yevdokimenko, M.D. 1977. Pyrological characteristic of mountain taiga forests of Baikal basin. In: Forest Protection and Regeneration in Trans-Baikal Region, 5-55. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Zackrisson, O. 1977. Influence of forest fires on the North Swedish boreal forest. Oikos 29, 22-32.

 

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Wildland Fire Management Terminology: Remarks

SomeRemarks for the translation of the first draft revision of the FAO
 Wildland Fire Management Terminology
 by
 Global Fire Monitoring Center (GFMC)

TheGFMC has entered the whole glossary of the 1986 version (FAO 1986. Wildland FireManagement Terminology. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,FAO Forestry Paper 70, 257 p.).

We have added, compared and harmonized the English base document with othermajor national fire management terminologies and some encyclopedias and websites,such as:

National Research Council Canada (1987). Glossary of Forest Fire ManagementTerms. Canadian Committee on Forest Fire Management. Ottawa. 91 p.

National Wildfire Coordination Group (1985). Smoke Management Glossary. SmokeManagement Guide Produced by: Prescribed Fire and Fire Effects Working Team. Boise,Idaho. 28 p.

NationalWildfire Coordination Group (1989). A Guide for Prescribed Fire in SouthernForests. Boise,Idaho. 56 p.

NationalWildfire Coordination Group (1994). Introduction to Wildland fire BehaviorS-190. Student Workbook. Boise, Idaho. 66 p.

National Wildfire Coordination Group (1996). Glossary of Wildland FireTerminology. Incident Operations Standards Working Team. Boise,Idaho. 162 p.

InternationalTropical Timber Organization (ITTO) 1997. ITTO Guidelines on Fire Management inTropical Forests. ITTO Policy Development Series No.6. ITTO, Yokohama, 40 p. (J.G.Goldammer,senior author)

Random House Webster`s Electronic Dictionary and Thesaurus, College EditionVersion 1.0, Software.

Society of American Foresters (1990). Glossary of Wildland Fire Management TermsUsed in the United States. University of Arizona press. Tuscon,Arizona. 138 p.

 IDNDR(former UNDRO) disaster terminology

NASA (1999). FireMonitoring Glossary. Responsible NASA Officials: Chris Justice and Yoram Kaufmanhttp://modarch.gsfc.nasa.gov/fire_atlas/glossary.html

NASA (1999). Glossary of Terms. Atmospheric Sciences NASA Langley ResearchCenter.. http://asd-www.larc.nasa.gov/biomass_burn/glossary.html

DELFI (1999) The DELFI vocabulary. CONCERTED ACTION Definition and Creation of aCommon Knowledge Base for Forest Fires ENV4-CT98-0735. http://www.cinar.gr/delfi/

Encyclopædia Britannica, Britannica.com; http://www.britannica.com/

Important Information for Standardization of English and non-English Terms

Recommendations for including Spanish and French terms:

Draft and not yet reviewed Spanish and French counterpart terms are available inthis document only for those terms that had been already included in the 1986version of the FAO Terminology. We found that these Spanish and French terms insome cases are either not correct or have spelling mistakes. Thus, we recommendto carefully check and review EVERY Spanish and French term.

We have corrected the existing and added the missing German terms (a voluntarycontribution to the terminology project). We have used the correct way ofspelling German, including the use of upper and lower cases where applicable.

The entries (terms) in English start in upper case (and according to recognizedrules, words with 3 or less letters begin in lower case). We thought that thislooks better. However, if there is the feeling that all terms should be writtenin lower case (exempt names or designations), we can change that in the finalediting process.

French and Spanish terms should start in lower case exempt names etc.

Some Procedural Remarks for translatinginto French and Spanish (or other languages in a later stage)

At international level the use of wildland fire management terms has beendeveloped most specifically in North America and Australia. If no counterpartterms in other languages are arae available, the foreign-language term aresometimes (a) adapted from English, or (b) “translated” (or explained) oreven briefly described (in cases where there is no equivalent term available atall).

In the latter case such a descriptive term should be put into[brackets] such as we did in the 1986 terminology.

In the case of names, proper names, brands or designations of systems atranslation should not be done. The English definition will clarify what thename or designation means. In such case we suggest to insert a standard term in [brackets]which indicates that this term is a name. For instance, in the German version weuse the term [Eigenname]whichin English means [proper name, or brand name].

Acronyms

In the case of abbreviations or acronyms we have always entered the fullyspelled term and added the acronym in (brackets). In order to facilitate theidentification of acronyms we have provided a list of acronyms in alphabeticalorder.

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Pyrological Classification of Landscapes, Sites and Fuel Types

 

Fire in Ecosystems of Boreal Eurasia

Pyrological Classification of Landscapes, Sites and Fuel Types

Abaimov, A.P., and I.J. Koropachinskiy. 1984. Larch: Larix gmelinii and Larix cajanderi. Novosibirsk, Nauka. 121 pp. Novosibirsk, Nauka <in Russian>.

Anonymous. 1966-1970. Reference book of climate of the USSR. vol. 1-4, Issues 6-8, 17-29, 33. Hydrometeoizdat, Leningrad. (In Russian)

Anonymus. 1973. Atlas of Forests of the USSR. Moscow <in Russian>.

Anonymus. 1990. Vegetation of the USSR. 1990. Map for High Schools at 1:4,000,000 scale. Moscow, GUGK <in Russian>..

Budyko, M.I. 1974. Climate change. Hydrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 280 pp. <in Russian>.

Buks, I.I. et al. 1977. The correlation ecological-phytocoenotic map of 1:7,500,000 scale. Institute of Geography of Siberia. Irkutsk <in Russian>.

Conrad, V. 1947. Usual formulas of continentality and their limits of validity. Transactions of American Geophysical Union 27 (5): 663-664.

Deeming, J.E., J.W. Lancaster, M.A. Fosberg, R.W. Furman, and M.J. Schroeder. 1972. The National Fire Danger Rating System. USDA For. Ser. Paper RM-84, 165 pp.

Furyaev, V.V. 1988. Analyses or fire consequences for evaluation of forest-forming processes. Lesovedenije No.1, 59-66 <in Russian>.

Hamet-Achti, L. 1976. The biotic divisions of the boreal zone. Geobotanical cartography, pp. 51-58. Moscow <in Russian>.

Holdridge, L.R. 1967. Life zone ecology. Tropical Science Center, San Jose.

Isachenko, A.G. 1988. Landscapes and the content of the world landscape map. Izvestia, VGO, Vol.120 (6), pp. 489-501.

Kurbatsky, N.P. 1954. Methodological guidelines for experimental development of local fire danger rating scales. TsNIILKh, Leningrad, 33 pp. <in Russian>.

Kurbatsky, N.P. 1962. Techniques and tactics of fire suppression. Moscow, 154 pp. <in Russian>.

Kurbatsky, N.P. 1970. Studies of loading and characteristics of forest fuels. In: Problems of forest pyrology, pp. 5-58. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Nazimova, D.I., N.I. Molokova, and K.K. Djanseitov. 1985. Altitudinal zonality and climate in the mountains of the Southern Siberia. Geography and Natural Resources 2, 53-58.

Nazimova D.I., N.P. Polikarpov, and N.M. Tchebakova. 1990. Climatic ordination of forest vegetation zones and altitudinal belts as a basis of general classification of forest cover in Siberia. In: Proc. Int. Symp. “Boreal Forests. Stability, Dynamics and Anthropogenic Inputs”, pp. 49-61. The Forest State Committee Press. Archangelsk.

Nesterov, V.G., M.V. Gritsenko, and T.A. Shabunina. 1968. The use of dew point temperature in calculation of the fire occurrence index. Meteorologia and Hidrologia 9, 102-105 <in Russian>.

Polikarpov, N.P., N.M. Tchebakova, and D.I. Nazimova. 1986. Climate and mountain forests in Southern Siberia. Novosibirsk, Nauka. 225 pp.

Pyne, S.J. 1984. Introduction to Wildland Fire. Fire Management in the United States. John Wiley, New York, 455 pp.

Shumilova, L.V. Botanical geography of Siberia. 1962. Tomsk State University Press, Tomsk. 440 pp. <in Russian>.

Smagin, V.N. et al. 1977. Forest cover division of Siberia. Institute for Forest and Wood, Krasnoyarsk. 44 pp. <in Russian>.

Smagin, V.N., S.A. Iljinskaya, and D.I. Nazimova, et al. 1980. Forest types of the south Siberia mountains. Novosibirsk, Nauka. 280 pp. <in Russian>

Sochava V.B., and E.M. Lavrenko. 1956. Plant cover of the USSR. Explanation text to the geobotanical map. v., 2 pp <in Russian>.

Sofronov, M.A. and A.V. Volokitina. 1985. The types of the prime conductors of burning in surface fires. Forest Journal 5, 12-17 <in Russian>.

Sofronov, M.A. and A.V. Volokitina. 1990. Pyrological regions of the taiga zone. Novosibirsk, 204 pp. <in Russian>.

Sukachev, V.N. 1972. The foundations of forest typology and biogeocoenology. Nauka, Leningrad, 420 pp. <in Russian>.

Tchebakova, N.M. 1981. The evaluation of mountain forest potential productivity in the Western Sayan on the base of climatic parameters. In: Formation and productivity of stands, pp. 6-18. Novosibirsk, Nauka <in Russian>.

Tchebakova, N.M., and E.I. Parfenova. 1991. The role of radiational factors in plant cover differentiation into altitudinal belts in Baikal basin. Geography and Natural Resources 2, 75-82.

Trabaud, L. 1977. Fuel mapping helps forest firefighting in Southern France. Fire Manage. Notes 39, 14-17.

Tuhkanen, S.A. 1984. Climatic parameters and indices in plant geography. Acta Botanica Fennica 67. Uppsala, 110 pp.

Utkin, A.I. and N.V. Dylis. 1969. The biogeocoenotic classification of forests. Lesovedenije 3, 3-23.

Valendik, E.N. 1990. Large forest fires. Novosibirsk, Nauka. 205 pp. <in Russian>.

Volokitina, A.V. 1990. Principle for developing guidelines for identification of the types of prime conductors of burning (on the example of Krasnoyarsk Priangarie). Krasnoyarsk, Dep. in VINITY: 5352-W90, 31 pp. <in Russian>.

Volokitina, A.V. and M.A.Sofronov. 1979. Moistening, drying, and burning intensity of the forest floor. In: Modelling in forest fire control, pp. 45-85. Krasnoyarsk <in Russian>.

Volokitina, A.V. 1988. Methodological recommendations on drawing operative maps of forest fuels for Priangarie of Krasnoyarsk territory. Krasnoyarsk. ILID, 12 pp. <in Russian>.

Volokitina, A.V., T.M. Tartakovskaya, and E.G. Schevchuk. 1989. Creating database for rapid drawing of the maps of forest fuels (methodological recommendations). Krasnoyarsk, 20 pp. <in Russian>.

Walter, H., and Box E. 1976. Global classification of natural terrestrial ecosystems. Vegetatio 32 (2), 75-81.

Wright, J.G. 1967. Forest-fire hazard research as developed and conducted at the Petawawa Forest Experiment Station. Forest Service, Department of the Interior, Ottowa, Canada, 40pp.

 

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International Association of Wildland Fire

The International Association of Wildland Fire (IAWF) is a non-profit corporation formed to promote a better understanding of wildland fire, and built on the belief that an understanding of this dynamic natural force is vital for natural resource management, for firefighter safety, and for harmonious interaction between people and their environment. The IAWF is dedicated to communicating with the entire wildland fire community and providing global linkage for people with shared interest in wildfire and comprehensive fire management. The association has several programs and products to facilitate this mission:

Wildfire Magazine:
Wildfire magazine is the bi-monthly publication for members of the Association. This magazine reaches 2000 people in 81 countries.

International Journal of Wildland Fire:
The International Journal of Wildland Fire is a quarterly scientific peer-reviewed magazine of the Association. Starting in 2000 the journal is published by CSIRO Publishing in both print and electronic formats. Detailed information and a free sample copy can be downloaded at:

IAWF News

IAWF website

Contact address for the IAWF President:

Mr. Dick Mangan
President, 2004-2005, International Assoc. of Wildland Fire
Blackbull Wildfire Services
11400 Kona Ranch Road
Missoula, Montana 59804
USA

Tel:      +1-406-543-0013
Fax:     +1-406-728-2097
e-mail: blackbull@bigsky.net

For more information,please contact the IAWF at:

Bill Gabbert
Executive Director
International Association of Wildland Fire
PO Box 261
Hot Springs, SD 57747
U.S.A.

Tel:       +1-605-890-2348
Fax:     +1-206-600-5113
e-mail:            iawf@iawfonline.org

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