Producing the next generation fire shelter


Producing the next generation fire shelter

 
12 June 2017

published by http://www.firefighternation.com


USA – During my recent research project on climate change and wildfires, I learned that the fire shelters that wildland firefighters carry are not capable of protecting them from flames and high temperatures. This reality was demonstrated on June 30th, 2013, when extreme weather caused wind direction to shift 180 degrees, wind gusts of 60mph, and a fast approaching flame front that forced 19 trapped Granite Mountain Hotshots to deploy their shelters. Though this elite team of wildland firefighters deployed their shelters correctly, they all perished. Their shelters were not designed to withstand that intense amount of heat or fire.

Second Generation Fire Shelters

Today’s second generation fire shelters have been standard equipment since 2002, when the Forest Service selected the New Generation Fire Shelter. According to the Forest Service, these shelters have a capacity to withstand approximately 500 degrees Fahrenheit. That’s the temperature where the weakest component of the shelter, the adhesive that binds the inner and outer layer, will start to fail. Although the foil that comprises the outer layer can sustain up to 1300 degrees, the shelter loses its effectiveness once the adhesive melts and the outer layer separates.

FEMA Assistance to Firefighters Grant

North Carolina State University (NCSU) is working under a FEMA grant to help produce a fire shelter that can perform better under heat and stress. In fact, they’re in a friendly competition with NASA’s Langley Research Center to produce a lightweight fire shelter designed to withstand higher temperatures for longer periods of time. They hope to produce a shelter that will protect future wildland firefighters who become trapped.

Joseph Roise, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources at NCSU. His department is working closely with the College of Textiles, Textile Protection and Comfort Center (T-PACC), on the project. Dr. Roise says his department is fortunate to work with the T-PACC team due to their expertise on materials and their experience working with firefighter PPE. The College of Textiles at NCSU is recognized worldwide as the global leader on textile innovation. By focusing on improving the seams and the adhesives of the shelter, Dr. Roise is confident that textile engineering will give them an advantage at producing the best product to save lives.

Summer 2017 Field Testing

Dr. Roise’s team has narrowed their focus down to two prototypes that they will continue evaluating over the summer. He notes that the most challenging aspects of their project are strengthening the seams, enhanced materials, improving heat blocking properties, and keeping the product light. They lab-tested the shelters in a fire chamber on campus and are now field-testing the prototypes. They have already successfully tested them in the tall grass species of South Dakota, Chaparral grass in California, and Longleaf Pine/wire grass in North Carolina. They’ll continue testing with other fuel types, including the highly-flammable pocosin fuels in Virginia, southern rough/pine in North Florida, and the boreal forests of Canada’s Northwest Territories.

Tropical peat swamp forests, which once occupied large swaths of Southeast Asia and other areas, provided a significant “sink” that helped remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. But such forests have been disappearing fast due to clear-cutting and drainage projects making way for plantations. Now, research shows peatlands face another threat, as climate change alters rainfall patterns, potentially destroying even forested peatlands that remain undrained.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-06-peatlands-dwindling-losses.html#jCpTropical peat swamp forests, which once occupied large swaths of Southeast Asia and other areas, provided a significant “sink” that helped remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. But such forests have been disappearing fast due to clear-cutting and drainage projects making way for plantations. Now, research shows peatlands face another threat, as climate change alters rainfall patterns, potentially destroying even forested peatlands that remain undrained.

Read more at: https://phys.org/news/2017-06-peatlands-dwindling-losses.html#jCp


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